Singapore - Catching Every Drop of Rain

Singapore - Catching Every Drop of Rain

The source of the map of the rivers of Singapore is the Singapore PUB

As a small island that doesn't have natural aquifers and lakes and with little land to collect rainwater, Singapore needs to maximize whatever it can harvest.

Currently, Singapore uses two separate systems to collect rainwater and used water. Rainwater is collected through a comprehensive network of drains, canals, rivers and stormwater collection ponds before it is channelled to Singapore's 17 reservoirs for storage. This makes Singapore one of the few countries in the world to harvest urban stormwater on a large scale for its water supply.

The newest reservoirs are Punggol and Serangoon Reservoirs which are our 16th and 17th reservoirs. By 2011, the water catchment area has increased from half to two-thirds of Singapore’s land surface with the completion of the Marina, Punggol and Serangoon reservoirs.

With all the major estuaries already dammed to create reservoirs, PUB aims to harness water from the remaining streams and rivulets near the shoreline using technology that can treat water of varying salinity. This will boost Singapore’s water catchment area to 90% by 2060,

The goal is to capture every drop of rain (Figure 1)

Reservoirs

Pandan Reservoir	Kranji Reservoir
Jurong Lake Reservoir	MacRitchie Reservoir
Upper Peirce Reservoir	Lower Peirce Reservoir
Bedok Reservoir	Upper Seletar Reservoir
Lower Seletar Reservoir	Poyan Reservoir
Murai Reservoir	Tengeh Reservoir
Sarimbun Reservoir	Pulau Tekong Reservoir
Marina Reservoir	Serangoon Reservoir
Punggol Reservoir

Rivers

Singapore River	Sungei Kallang
Rochor River	Sungei Whampoa
Geylang River	Sungei Bedok
Sungei Ketapang	Sungei Changi
Sungei Selarang	Sungei Loyang
Sungei Tampines	Sungei Api Api
Sungei Blukar	Sungei Serangoon
Sungei Punggol	Sungei Tongkang
Sungei Pinang	Sungei Seletar
Sungei Khatib Bongsu	Sungei Seletar Simpang Kiri
Sungei Sembawang	Sungei Mandai
Sungei China	Sungei Mandai Kechil
Sungei Peng Siang	Sungei Tengah
Sungei Kangkar	Sungei Buloh Besar
Sungei Jurong	Sungei Lanchar
Sungei Pandan	Sungei Ulu Pandan

Advances in artificial intelligence: deep learning

Advances in artificial intelligence: deep learning

November 25, 2012 – 12:34 am

If you want to keep up with advances in artificial intelligence, the New York Times has an essentialarticle on a recent step forward called deep learning.

There is a rule of thumb for following how AI is progressing: keep track of what Geoffrey Hinton is doing.

Much of the current science of artificial neural networks and machine learning stems from his work or work he has done with collaborators.

The New York Times piece riffs on the fact that Hinton and his team just won a competition to design software to help find molecules that are most likely to be good candidates for new drugs.

Hinton’s team entered late, their software didn’t include a big detailed database of prior knowledge, and they easily won by applying deep learning methods.

To understand the advance you need to know a little about how modern AI works.

Most uses abstract statistical representations. For example, a face recognition system will not use human-familiar concepts like ‘mouth’, ‘nose’ and ‘eyes’ but statistical properties derived from the image that may bear no relation to how we talk about faces.

The innovation of deep learning is that it not only arranges these properties into hierarchies – with properties and sub-properties – but it works out how many levels of hierarchy best fit the data.

If you’re a machine learning aficionado Hinton described how they won the competition in a recent interview but he also puts all his scientific papersonline if you want the bare metal of the science.

Either way, while the NYT piece doesn’t go into how the new approach works, it nicely captures it’s implications for how AI is being applied.

And as many net applications now rely on communication with the cloud – think Siri or Google Maps – advances in artificial intelligence very quickly have an impact on our day-to-day tools.
 

Link to NYT on deep learning AI (via @hpashler)

via Mind Hacks  

Maximum HGL Head Class in InfoSWMM AND H2OMAP SWMM

Maximum HGL Head Class in InfoSWMM AND H2OMAP SWMM

Maximum HGL Head Class in InfoSWMM AND H2OMAP SWMM by dickinsonre Maximum HGL Head Class in InfoSWMM AND H2OMAP SWMM You can find the node flood or surcharge maximum occurrence during a simulation in the Junction Summary Report table in InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM (Figure 1) Empty                                   if the Node Head is below or equal to the Lowest Link Connecting  Elevation Below Link Crown            if the Node Head is below or equal to the Highest Link Connecting Crown Below Maximum Depth   if the Node Head is below or equal to the Node Invert + Full  Depth.  The column Max Surcharge Height above Crown will also tell you how deep the Surcharge in a Node. Surchaged                           if none of the above is true. Figure 1.  Junction Summary Report in InfoSWMM Figure 2.  Maximum Surcharge Height above Crown Definition via Blogger http://www.swmm5.net/2013/08/maximum-hgl-head-class-in-infoswmm-and.html

InfoSewer Inflow Control for a Pump with a Pump Curve

InfoSewer Inflow Control for a Pump with a Pump Curve

You can control the pumps in InfoSewer and H2OMap Sewer by using a Pump Control which will control the pump based on:

1.       Volume
2.      Level
3.      Discharge
4.     Inflow
5.      Time

If you use a By Inflow control the pump speed of the pump is increased or decreased to make the Upstream Wet Well Level Constant (Figure 1) for an exponential 3 point curve

InfoSewer By Discharge Control for PUMP

InfoSewer By Discharge Control for a PUMP

InfoSewer By Discharge Control for a PUMP by dickinsonre

InfoSewer By Discharge Control for a PUMP

You can control the pumps in InfoSewer and H2OMap Sewer by using a Pump Control which will control the pump based on:

1.       Volume
2.      Level
3.      Discharge
4.      Inflow
5.      Time

If you use a By Discharge control the pump speed of the pump is increased or decreased to pump the incoming Wet Well flow based on the pump rules and the geometry of the Wet Well (Figure 1).

Figure 1.  By Discharge Control for  PUMP in InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer will change the Pump Speed of the pump to follow the Base Pump Flow Rules.

via Blogger http://www.swmm5.net/2013/08/infosewer-by-discharge-control-for-pump.html

InfoSewer Inflow Control for a PUMP

InfoSewer Inflow Control for a PUMP

InfoSewer Inflow Control for a PUMP by dickinsonre InfoSewer Inflow Control for a PUMP You can control the pumps in InfoSewer and H2OMap Sewer by using a Pump Control which will control the pump based on: 1.       Volume 2.      Level 3.      Discharge 4.      Inflow 5.      Time  If you use a By Inflow control the pump speed of the pump is increased or decreased to make the Upstream Wet Well Level Constant (Figure 1). Figure 1.  Inflow Control for  PUMP in InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer will change the Pump Speed of the pump to make the Wet Well level constant via Blogger http://www.swmm5.net/2013/08/infosewer-inflow-control-for-pump.html

LEGO, Brick by Brick

Brick By Brick

Chana Joffe-Walt examines Lego's dominance despite their products' high cost and lack of exclusive patent:

Lego goes to great lengths to make its pieces really, really well, according to David Robertson, who is working on a book about Lego. Inside every Lego brick, there are three numbers, that identify exactly what mold the brick came from, and what position it was in in that mold. That way, if there's a bad brick somewhere, the company can go back and fix the mold. For decades this is what kept Lego ahead. It's actually pretty hard to make millions of plastic blocks that all fit together.

Dreher recently sang the praises of the toy company. Tip, The Daily Dish

InfoSewer Minimum Travel Time Sensitivity

InfoSewer Minimum Travel Time Sensitivity

InfoSewer Minimum Travel Time Sensitivity by dickinsonre InfoSewer Minimum Travel Time Sensitivity The three Run manager parameters, Maximum Number of Segments, Minimum Travel Distance and the Minimum Travel Time in InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer affect the shape and flow attenuation of the flow in a link.  The effect of decreasing the Minimum Travel Time is to reduce the peak flow and spread out the flow as the number of segments increases(Figure 1).  The larger the Minimum Travel Time, which has the effect of decreasing the number of segments in a link up the limit of the parameter Maximum Number of segments, the smaller the peak and the more attenuation of the flow in InfoSewer. There is three ways to control attenuation in InfoSewer: (1) use the flow attenuation option, (2) increase the Maximum Number of Segments per link and (3) decrease the Minimum travel distance.    You can also use all three parameters to make more segments per link for long links and only a few segments for short links. Figure 1.  Effect of the Minimum Travel Time in InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer via Blogger http://www.swmm5.net/2013/08/infosewer-minimum-travel-time.html

InfoSewer Minimum Travel Distance Sensitivity

InfoSewer Minimum Travel Distance Sensitivity

The three Run manager parameters, Maximum Number of Segments, Minimum Travel Distance and the Minimum Travel Time in InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer affect the shape and flow attenuation of the flow in a link.  The effect of decreasing the Minimum Travel Distance is to reduce the peak flow and spread out the flow as the number of segments increases(Figure 1).  The smaller the minimum travel distance, which has the effect of increasing the number of segments in a link up the limit of the parameter Maximum Number of segments, the smaller the peak and the more attenuation of the flow in InfoSewer.

There is three ways to control attenuation in InfoSewer: (1) use the flow attenuation option, (2) increase the Maximum Number of Segments per link and (3) decrease the Minimum travel distance.    You can also use all three parameters to make more segments per link for long links and only a few segments for short links.

How to Make an Excel Fixed Width File from SWMM 5

How to Make an Excel Fixed Width File from SWMM 5

How to Make an Excel Fixed Width File from SWMM 5 by dickinsonre How to Make an Excel Fixed Width File from SWMM 5 You can use this macro for MATLAB or some other DOS based program by using the Tools command of SWMM 5 and configuring the EXCEL file option.  If you use the EXCEL tool then your SWMM 5 input file will be opened up in EXCEL and you can use this macro to make a fixed format file for SWMM 5.  Note, SWMM 5 does not use fixed format but other programs may need it for reading,  You adjust the column widths in the macro for your program. Here is the macro, which is placed  in Excel using these command: Copy the code above. Open Excel. Alt + F11 to open the Visual Basic Editor. Click Insert-Module from the menu. Paste the code into the window that appears at right. Option Explicit Sub CreateFixedWidthFile(strFile As String, ws As Worksheet, s() As Integer)     Dim i As Long, j As Long     Dim strLine As String, strCell As String           'get a freefile      ' source is http://www.vbaexpress.com/kb/getarticle.php?kb_id=759     Dim fNum As Long     fNum = FreeFile           'open the textfile     Open strFile For Output As fNum      'loop from first to last row      'use 2 rather than 1 to ignore header row     For i = 1 To ws.Range("a65536").End(xlUp).Row          'new line         strLine = ""          'loop through each field         For j = 0 To UBound(s)              'make sure we only take chars up to length of field (may want to output some sort of error if it is longer than field)             strCell = Left$(ws.Cells(i, j + 1).Value, s(j))              'add on string of spaces with length equal to the difference in length between field length and value length             strLine = strLine & strCell & String$(s(j) - Len(strCell), Chr$(32))         Next j          'write the line to the file         Print #fNum, strLine     Next i      'close the file     Close #fNum      End Sub  'for example the code could be called using: Sub CreateFile()     Dim sPath As String     sPath = Application.GetSaveAsFilename("SWMM5_Fixed_EXPORT", "Text Files,*.inp")     If LCase$(sPath) = "false" Then Exit Sub      'specify the widths of our fields      'the number of columns is the number specified in the line below +1     Dim s(15) As Integer      'starting at 0 specify the width of each column for the SWMM5 File, alter the columns if you need more columns in your data input file     s(0) = 40     s(1) = 20     s(2) = 20     s(3) = 20     s(4) = 20     s(5) = 20     s(6) = 20     s(7) = 20     s(8) = 20     s(9) = 20     s(10) = 20     s(11) = 20     s(12) = 20     s(13) = 20     s(14) = 20     s(15) = 20      'for example to use 3 columns with field of length 5, 10 and 15 you would use:     'dim s(2) as Integer      's(0)=5      's(1)=10      's(2)=15      'write to file the data from the activesheet     CreateFixedWidthFile sPath, ActiveSheet, s End Sub  . via Blogger http://www.swmm5.net/2013/08/how-to-make-excel-fixed-width-file-from.html

Batch Simulation in InfoSewer, InfoSWMM or InfoWater

Steps to set up a new icon for Batch Simulation in InfoSewer, InfoSWMM or InfoWater

1. Customize Arc GIS
2. Add an Icon
3. Run the command using the Icon

InfoSewer Maximum Number of Segments Sensitivity

InfoSewer Maximum Number of Segments Sensitivity

InfoSewer Maximum Number of Segments Sensitivity by dickinsonre InfoSewer Maximum Number of Segments Sensitivity The three Run manager parameters, Maximum Number of Segments, Minimum Travel Distance and the Minimum Travel Distance in InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer affect the shape and flow attenuation of the flow in a link.  The effect of decreasing the Minimum Travel Distance is to reduce the peak flow and spread out the flow as the number of segments increases(Figure 1).  The smaller the minimum travel distance, which has the effect of increasing the number ofsegments in a link up the limit of the parameter Maximum Number of segments, the smaller the peak and the more attenuation of the flow in InfoSewer. There is three ways to control attenuation in InfoSewer: (1) use the flow attenuation option, (2) increase the Maximum Number of Segments per link and (3) decrease the Minimum travel distance.    You can also use all three parameters to make more segments per link for long links and only a few segments for short links. via Blogger http://www.swmm5.net/2013/08/infosewer-maximum-number-of-segments_8.html

InfoSewer Flow Attenuation Sensitivity

InfoSewer Flow Attenuation Sensitivity 

InfoSewer Flow Attenuation Sensitivity by dickinsonre InfoSewer Flow Attenuation Sensitivity  The three Run manager parameters, Maximum Number of Segments, Minimum Travel Distance and the Minimum Travel Distance in InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer affect the shape and flow attenuation of the flow in a link.  The effect of using the flow attenuation is to reduce the peak flow and spread out the flow compared to the No Flag option (Figure 1).  Figure 1.  Effect of the Flow Attenuation Option in infoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer via Blogger http://www.swmm5.net/2013/08/infosewer-flow-attenuation-sensitivity.html

How To Make HTML Code for Excel Spreadsheets

How To Make HTML Code for Excel Spreadsheets

Tabelizer Program for Converting Speadsheets to HTML Code

Copy your Speadsheet to this link http://tableizer.journalistopia.com/ and then tabelize it and copy the html and css code to a blog or other online comments box,  

	InfoSWMM	H2OMAP SWMM	US EPA
Titles	Y	Y	Y
Options	Y	Y	Y
Files	Y	Y	Y
Raingages	Y	Y	Y
Temperature	Y	Y	Y
Evaporation	Y	Y	Y
Subcatchments	Y	Y	Y
Infiltration Subareas	Y	Y	Y
3 Types of Infiltration Per Subcatchment	Y	Y	N
Aquifers	Y	Y	Y
Groundwater	Y	Y	Y
Snowmelt	Y	Y	Y
Junctions	Y	Y	Y
Outfalls	Y	Y	Y
Storages	Y	Y	Y
Dividers	Y	Y	Y
Conduits	Y	Y	Y
Pumps	Y	Y	Y
Orifices	Y	Y	Y
Weirs	Y	Y	Y
Outlets	Y	Y	Y
Cross Section Shapes	Y	Y	Y
Dual Drainage Outlets	Y	Y	N
1D - 2D Connections	Y	N	N
HEC-22 Inlets	Y	Y	N
Transects	Y	Y	Y
Losses	Y	Y	Y
Controls	Y	Y	Y
Pollutants	Y	Y	Y
Landuses	Y	Y	Y
Buildup	Y	Y	Y
Washoff	Y	Y	Y
Coverage	Y	Y	Y
Inflow	Y	Y	Y
DWF	Y	Y	Y
Patterns	Y	Y	Y
RDII	Y	Y	Y
Unit Hydrographs	Y	Y	Y
Loading	Y	Y	Y
Treatment	Y	Y	Y
Curves	Y	Y	Y
Time Series	Y	Y	Y
Reports	Y	Y	P
Coordinates	Y	Y	Y
Vertices	Y	Y	Y
Polygons	Y	Y	Y
Labels	Y	Y	Y
Symbols	Y	Y	Y
Backdrop	Y	Y	Y
Tags	Y	Y	Y
Profiles	Y	Y	Y
Map	Y	Y	Y
LID Controls	Y	Y	Y
LID Usage	Y	Y	Y
LID Reports	Y	Y	P
LID Graphs	Y	Y	N
Calibration Data	Y	Y	P
Scatter Graphs	Y	Y	Y
Mixed Graphs	Y	Y	N
SWMM 5 Engine Up to Date	Y	Y	Y

Global Dry Weather Flow Reduction in InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM

Global Dry Weather Flow Reduction in InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM

A cool tip to reduce the overall dry weather flow in InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM without changing the mean dry weather flow is to do the following:

1.       Make a Reduction or Increase Flow Pattern in the Operations tab of the Attribute Browser (2),
2.      For example, if we want to have 85 percent of the flow use a value of 0.85
3.      In the Node DWF DB Table (2) use the pattern just created (3)
4.      All of the flows in the DWF table and during your simulation will be reduced by 15 percent.

InfoSWMM 2D Report Variables

InfoSWMM 2D Report Variables

InfoSWMM 2D Report Variables by dickinsonre InfoSWMM 2D Report Variables The Junction Graph variables for 2D Depth, 2D Speed, 2D Froude Number, 2D Unit Flow, 2D Inflow, 2D Volume and 2D Angle for a InfoSWMM 2D simulation for up to 1000 years can be plotted in the Report Manager of InfoSWMM.  This is an image of the 2D inflow over a 10 year period (A), all seven graph variables (B) for the mesh triangle associated with the 1D node (C).  The 2D inflow is + for flow out of the node to a mesh triangle and – for flow from the mesh triangle to the  1D junction. via Blogger http://www.swmm5.net/2013/08/infoswmm-2d-report-variables.html