Different methods of infiltration calculation (modified from Wikipedia)
| Method 📚 | Description 📝 | Emoji Representation 😃 |
|---|---|---|
| Richards' Equation (1931) | A rigorous standard for coupling groundwater to surface water through a non-homogeneous soil using a numerical solution. | 🌊➕🌏 |
| Finite Water-Content Vadose Zone Flow Method | Approximation of Richards' Equation emphasizing 1-D flow in homogeneous soil layers. | 1️⃣➡️🌧️ |
| Green and Ampt (1911) | Method for estimating infiltration flux for a single rainfall event in uniform, well-drained soil. | 💧💹 |
| Horton's Equation | Empirical method describing infiltration rate declining exponentially with time till soil saturation. | 📉💧 |
| Kostiakov Equation | Empirical method with intake rate declining over time according to a power function. | ⏲️➖💧 |
| Darcy's Law (Simplified) | Simplified method for infiltration calculation, often seen as too basic compared to Green and Ampt. | 💧⚖️ |
Richards' Equation (1931) 🌊➕🌏:
- Provides a standard rigorous approach for calculating infiltration into soils. It's computationally intensive and sometimes has difficulty with mass conservation.
Finite Water-Content Vadose Zone Flow Method 1️⃣➡️🌧️:
- An approximation method that allows 1-D groundwater and surface water coupling in homogeneous soil layers.
Green and Ampt (1911) 💧💹:
- Provides an excellent approximate method to solve the infiltration flux for a single rainfall event, especially in uniform, well-drained soil.
Horton's Equation 📉💧:
- An empirical method describing how infiltration starts at a constant rate and decreases exponentially with time until the soil saturation level reaches a certain value.
Kostiakov Equation ⏲️➖💧:
- Assumes that the intake rate declines over time according to a power function, with a variant that adds a steady intake term to correct for zero final intake rate assumption.
Darcy's Law (Simplified) 💧⚖️:
- A simplified method for infiltration calculation, often criticized for being too basic and missing the cumulative infiltration depth.
These methods provide various ways to estimate the volume and/or rate of infiltration of water into the soil, each with its own set of assumptions, complexities, and use cases.
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