🌿🌧️ Detailed Overview of LID Controls with Emojis

 🌿🌧️ Detailed Overview of LID Controls with Emojis

Low Impact Development (LID) Controls are innovative practices designed to manage surface runoff in an eco-friendly way. They aim to handle runoff through detention, infiltration, and evapotranspiration, much like Aquifers and Snow Packs. Here’s a detailed look at the various types of LID controls modeled in SWMM:

1. StreetPlanter 🌳🛣️:

   • Nature: Depression areas with vegetation in engineered soil above a gravel drainage bed.
   • Function: Stores, infiltrates, and evaporates direct rainfall and runoff from surrounding areas.

2. RainGarden 🌼🌧️:

   • Type: A variant of bio-retention cells, composed solely of an engineered soil layer, sans gravel bed.
   • Purpose: Simplified bio-retention for rainwater.

3. GreenRoof 🏠🌿:

   • Design: Soil layer on a drainage mat on roofs.
   • Benefit: Manages rainfall percolation and runoff on roof structures.

4. InfilTrench 🕳️💧:

   • Structure: Narrow ditches filled with gravel.
   • Role: Intercepts runoff, providing storage and time for soil infiltration.

5. PermeablePavement 🚗🌳:

   • Continuous System: Gravel-filled excavated areas with porous overlay.
   • Block Paver System: Impervious blocks on a gravel bed.
   • Advantage: Reduces surface runoff, promotes infiltration.

6. Cistern 🛢️🌦️:

   • Utility: Containers for collecting roof runoff.
   • Usage: Stores rainwater for later use or release.

7. Downspout 🏠🌧️:

   • Approach: Redirects roof downspouts to pervious areas instead of storm drains.
   • Effect: Encourages ground infiltration, reducing direct stormwater discharge.

8. VegSwale 🌾🌊:

   • Formation: Vegetated, sloped channels.
   • Impact: Slows runoff conveyance, enhances soil infiltration.

Additional Features and Considerations:

• Drain Systems Optional 🔄: Bio-retention cells, infiltration trenches, and permeable pavements may include drains in their gravel beds to manage excess runoff.
• Impermeable Floors/Liners 🚫💧: Prevent infiltration into native soil, ideal for specific site conditions.
• Clogging and Conductivity 🚧: Infiltration trenches and permeable pavements may experience reduced conductivity over time.
• Pollutant Removal 💧🧪: LID units with drains can be assigned removal percentages for pollutants.
• Runoff and Pollutant Reduction 🌍🌟: LIDs reduce both the volume of runoff and the mass load of pollutants due to decreased flow volume.

These LID controls represent a step forward in sustainable urban planning, offering a blend of ecological preservation and urban development. By implementing these systems, urban areas can significantly reduce their environmental footprint and contribute to a healthier, greener future. 🌳🏙️🌍