πΏπ§️ Detailed Overview of LID Controls with Emojis
Low Impact Development (LID) Controls are innovative practices designed to manage surface runoff in an eco-friendly way. They aim to handle runoff through detention, infiltration, and evapotranspiration, much like Aquifers and Snow Packs. Here’s a detailed look at the various types of LID controls modeled in SWMM:
StreetPlanter π³π£️:
- Nature: Depression areas with vegetation in engineered soil above a gravel drainage bed.
- Function: Stores, infiltrates, and evaporates direct rainfall and runoff from surrounding areas.
RainGarden πΌπ§️:
- Type: A variant of bio-retention cells, composed solely of an engineered soil layer, sans gravel bed.
- Purpose: Simplified bio-retention for rainwater.
GreenRoof π πΏ:
- Design: Soil layer on a drainage mat on roofs.
- Benefit: Manages rainfall percolation and runoff on roof structures.
InfilTrench π³️π§:
- Structure: Narrow ditches filled with gravel.
- Role: Intercepts runoff, providing storage and time for soil infiltration.
PermeablePavement ππ³:
- Continuous System: Gravel-filled excavated areas with porous overlay.
- Block Paver System: Impervious blocks on a gravel bed.
- Advantage: Reduces surface runoff, promotes infiltration.
Cistern π’️π¦️:
- Utility: Containers for collecting roof runoff.
- Usage: Stores rainwater for later use or release.
Downspout π π§️:
- Approach: Redirects roof downspouts to pervious areas instead of storm drains.
- Effect: Encourages ground infiltration, reducing direct stormwater discharge.
VegSwale πΎπ:
- Formation: Vegetated, sloped channels.
- Impact: Slows runoff conveyance, enhances soil infiltration.
Additional Features and Considerations:
- Drain Systems Optional π: Bio-retention cells, infiltration trenches, and permeable pavements may include drains in their gravel beds to manage excess runoff.
- Impermeable Floors/Liners π«π§: Prevent infiltration into native soil, ideal for specific site conditions.
- Clogging and Conductivity π§: Infiltration trenches and permeable pavements may experience reduced conductivity over time.
- Pollutant Removal π§π§ͺ: LID units with drains can be assigned removal percentages for pollutants.
- Runoff and Pollutant Reduction ππ: LIDs reduce both the volume of runoff and the mass load of pollutants due to decreased flow volume.
These LID controls represent a step forward in sustainable urban planning, offering a blend of ecological preservation and urban development. By implementing these systems, urban areas can significantly reduce their environmental footprint and contribute to a healthier, greener future. π³π️π
