Weirs in InfoSWMM and SWMM 5

Subject: Weirs in InfoSWMM and SWMM 5
Figure 1 shows the relationship between the weir input data and the upstream and downstream nodes.
· Height,
· Crest and
· Node Invert Elevation
There are four types of weirs and if the weir becomes submerged downstream the Villemonte weir submergence correction is applied (Figure 2). You can have flow reversal across the weir unless you use a Flap Gate for the weir (Figure 3).


Figure 1: Definition of Weir Terms

Figure 2: Villemonte Weir Submergence Correction

Figure 3: Flow Reversal in a Weir

Weirs in InfoSWMM and SWMM5 by dickinsonre Weirs in InfoSWMM and SWMM5 Subject: Weirs in InfoSWMM  Figure 1 shows the relationship between the weir input data and the upstream and  downstream nodes. ·         Height, ·         Crest and ·         Node Invert Elevation  There are four types of weirs and if the weir becomes submerged downstream the Villemonte weir submergence correction is applied (Figure 2).  You can have flow reversal across the weir unless you use a Flap Gate for the weir (Figure 3).

Figure 1:  Definition of Weir Terms

Figure 2: Villemonte Weir Submergence Correction

Figure 3:  Flow Reversal in a Weir

via Blogger http://www.swmm5.net/2013/07/weirs-in-infoswmm-and-swmm5.html

Multiple Storm Events in InfoSWMM and How to Use them in the Scenario Manager

Subject: How to make Multiple Storm Events in InfoSWMM and How to Use them in the Scenario Manager
Step 1. Make a new Time Series to hold the data points for your new Rainfall Time Series in the Operation Tab of the Attribute Browser.

Step 2. Populate the Rainfall Distribution with a SCS Type II Hyetograph with a 1 inch rainfall total


Step 3. Now Clone the created Rainfall Distribution and make 10, 25, 50 and 100 year storm events each with 1 inches of rainfall in a cumulative distribution.


Step 4. Now use the Block Edit command and convert each of the newly created hyetographs to 4, 7, 10, 15 and 20 inch cumulative rainfall totals from the original 1 inch rainfall total (for example).

Step 5. Now create a Raingage for each of the newly created hyetograph time series using the DB Editor under the Raingage Table in Hydrologic Data


Step 6. Link the Time Series to the new Raingages and define the type (cumulative), units (inches) and hyetograph interval (15 minutes)

Step 7. Make 4 New Scenarios for the different return period hyetographs, the Base Scenario will use the 5 year or 4 inch SCS II rainfall.

Step 8. Use the DataSet Manager and make 4 new Subcatchment DB Tables in which each Subcatchment Set uses a different return period hyetograph.

Step 9. Run the Batch Simulator for all 5 scenarios including the Base Scenario.

Step 10. You can use the Output Report Manager to see the Rainfall for all of the Batch Runs to check if the proper rainfall was used for each Scenario Simulation.

How to make Multiple Storm Events in InfoSWMM and How to Use them in the Scenario Manager by dickinsonre Subject:  How to make Multiple Storm Events in InfoSWMM and How to Use them in the Scenario Manager Step 1.  Make a new Time Series to hold the data points for your new Rainfall Time Series in the Operation Tab of the Attribute Browser.   Step 2.  Populate the Rainfall Distribution with a SCS Type II Hyetograph with a 1 inch rainfall total   Step 3.  Now Clone the created Rainfall Distribution and make 10, 25, 50 and 100 year storm events each with 1 inches of rainfall in a cumulative distribution.   Step 4.  Now use the Block Edit command and convert each of the newly created hyetographs to 4, 7, 10, 15 and 20 inch cumulative rainfall totals from the original 1 inch rainfall total (for example). Step 5.  Now create a Raingage for each of the newly created hyetograph time series using the DB Editor under the Raingage Table in Hydrologic Data Step 6.  Link the Time Series to the new Raingages and define the type (cumulative), units (inches) and hyetograph interval (15 minutes) Step 7. Make 4 New Scenarios for the different return period hyetographs,  the Base Scenario will use the 5 year or 4 inch SCS II rainfall. Step 8. Use the DataSet Manager and make 4 new Subcatchment DB Tables in which each Subcatchment Set uses a different return period hyetograph. Step 9. Run the Batch Simulator for all 5 scenarios including the Base Scenario. Step 10.  You can  use the Output Report Manager to see the Rainfall for all of the Batch Runs to check if the proper rainfall was used for each Scenario Simulation. via Blogger http://www.swmm5.net/2013/07/how-to-make-multiple-storm-events-in.html

Reserve Capacity and Reserve Flow in a Link in InfoSWMM and SWMM 5

Subject: Reserve Capacity and Flow in a Link

The Reserve flow and Reserve Capacity are modeling guidelines and do not actually influence the computed flows in a link. If you have a positive Reserve flow or capacity then you MAY get more flow in the link based on the current flow being less than the Qfull for the link but not if the link is under surcharge, has backwater conditions or has large entrance and exit losses. You cannot always assume that because the Reserve flow is positive the link can handle more upstream flow.

Here are few graphs that show the relationship between Qfull, the actual Q in the link and the Reserve Flow or Reserve Capacity. The Qfull is a reference flow and is not used during the computation in InfoSWMM and SWMM5.

Condition 1: Positive Reserve Flow – the flow is always less than Qfull and the Reserve flow and Reserve Capacity are Positive.

Condition 2: Negative Reserve Flow – the flow is sometimes greater than Qfull and the Reserve flow and Reserve Capacity are negative when this occurs.

Reserve Capacity – the Reserve in the link * the current link volume.

What Node and Link Invert Elevations Does SWMM 5 Use?

Note: What Node and Link Invert Elevations Does SWMM 5 Use?
SWMM 5 uses the following Node information from the user:
· Node Invert Elevation,
· The Node Rim Elevation which is the Node Invert Elevation + the Maximum node depth
· The Ponded Area when the Ponded Area option is used
· The Surcharge Depth above the Node Rim Elevation
SWMM 5 uses the following link information from the user:
· The Link Upstream Offset Depth or Offset Elevation and
· The Link Downstream Offset Depth or Offset Elevation
· The Link Maximum Depth or Diameter
SWMM 5 calculates the following information internally:
· The Pipe Crown Elevation at the upstream and downstream link nodes. The Pipe Crown is the Pipe Diameter + Link Offsets
· The Node Highest Pipe Crown Elevation,
· The Surcharge Depth above the Rim Elevation if the Node has a Surcharge Pressure Depth at the Node during the simulation,

o If the Surcharge Depth is 0 then the program will either lose the flooded water or store the flooded water during the simulation

· The Flooded Depth above the Rim Elevation if the Node uses the Ponded Area Option

o You have to enter a Ponded Area for the node AND use the Global Allow Ponding Option

SWMM 5 Rules for Pipes
· The Pipe Invert Cannot be below either upstream or downstream node invert – the program will print a warning in the rpt file and set the offset to 0 internally,
· The Pipe Crown Cannot be above the Rim Elevation of the Node – the program will raise the Rim Elevation when this happens and print a warning in the rpt file.
The use of Offset Depth or Offset Elevation for the Link Offsets is based on the user choice at the bottom of the SWMM 5 GUI Map.
Or in the Tools/Preference/Operation dialog of InfoSWMM/H20MAP SWMM

InfoSewer Static Gravity Main Report

Note: Static Gravity Main Report

Shows steady state simulation results for all gravity mains in tabular format. The report displays one record for each gravity main in the current H2OMAP Sewer project. Gravity main report columns include the Node Identifier, Total Flow, Unpeakable Flow, Peakable Flow, Coverage Flow, Infiltration Flow, Storm Flow, Flow Type, Velocity, d/D, q/Q, Water Depth, Critical Depth, Full Flow, Coverage Count, Backwater Adjustment, Adjusted Depth and Adjusted Velocity.
The following variables are displayed on the Static Gravity Main Report in the Output Report Manager for all or selected gravity mains:

1. ID - Gravity main identifier.

2. From Node - ID of upstream node.

3. To Node - ID of downstream node.

4. Diameter - Inside pipe diameter for circular channels, in (mm).

5. Channel Depth - Maximum depth of a conduit (for non-circular channels only), in (mm).

6. Channel Width - Top/Bottom width of a conduit (for non-circular channels only), in (mm).

7. Channel Left Slope - Left side slope of a conduit (for trapezoidal and triangular channels only).

8. Channel Right Slope - Right side slope of a conduit (for trapezoidal and triangular channels only).

9. Length - Pipe length, ft (m).

10. Slope - Ratio of the change in vertical distance to the change in horizontal distance, unitless.

11. Total Flow - The summation of all flow types, flow unit.

12. Unpeakable Flow - The flow to which no peaking is applied, flow unit.

13. Peakable Flow - The flow derived based on the Federov peaking equation, flow unit.

14. Coverage Flow - The flow derived based on the Harman and Babbitt peaking equation in reference to the contributing population, flow unit.

15. Infiltration Flow - The volume of groundwater entering the sewer system from the soil through defective joints, broken or cracked pipes, improper connections, or manhole walls, flow unit.

16. Storm Flow - Peak storm load in the pipe, flow units.

17. Flow Type - Indicates if the flow is pressurized or free surface.

18. Velocity - The speed with which the water is traveling through the pipe, in ft/s (m/s).

19. d/D - The ratio of actual flow depth to the diameter of the pipe (full flow depth), unitless.

20. q/Q - The ratio of actual flow to the full flow as derived based on Manning's Equation, unitless.

21. Water Depth - The depth of water as it is flowing through the pipe, ft (m).

22. Critical Depth - The depth of water resulting when the Froude Number is equal to 1.0, ft (m).

23. Full Flow - The capacity of the pipe as evaluated based on Manning's Equation (when d/D = 1.0), flow units.

24. Coverage Count - The population parameter used in the Harman and Babbitt equations.

25. Backwater Adjustment – If the downstream head of the link is greater than the flow depth + the downstream pipe invert then the adjusted depth is one half of the sum of the water surface depth at the upstream and downstream ends of the link.

26. Adjusted Depth – The adjusted depth is the average of the upstream plus the downstream adjusted depth, where the upstream adjusted depth is the upstream head minus the upstream pipe invert elevation and the downstream adjusted depth is the downstream head minus the downstream pipe invert elevation. The adjusted depth is the minimum of the pipe diameter and the computed pipe adjusted depth.

27. Adjusted Velocity – the adjusted depth is used to calculate the wet area and adjusted velocity = flow/wet area.

See and download the full gallery on posterous

InfoSewer Static Loading Manhole Report

Note: Static Loading Manhole Report

Shows steady state simulation results for all manholes in tabular format. The report displays one record for each manhole in the current H2OMAP Sewer project. Manhole report columns include the Node Identifier, Rim Elevation, Load, Overload and Grade, surcharge status, occurrence of a hydraulic jump across the node and the unfilled and surcharged depth.

The following variables are displayed on the Static Loading Manhole Report in the Output Report Manager for all or selected manholes:

1. ID - Manhole node identifier.

2. Rim Elevation - Manhole node elevation, ft (m).

3. Base Flow - The base loading applied to the manhole (before peaking), flow units.

4. Total Flow - The calculated flow (after peaking), inserted into the manhole, flow units.

5. Storm Flow - Peak storm load at the manhole, flow units

6. Grade - Manhole node hydraulic grade for the steady state simulation, ft (m).

7. Status - Surcharge status of the manhole.

8. Hydraulic Jump – Was there a Hydraulic Jump between the incoming and outgoing pipe of the node?

9. Unfilled Depth – depth between the node Rim Elevation and the Node Grade. A zero value indicates it is full.

10. Surcharge Depth - is the difference of “The Depth of Water of Manhole” and “The Crown of the Highest Connecting Conduits”. A positive Surcharge Depth means the node water surface elevation is above the highest pipe crown, a negative depth means that the node depth is below the highest pipe crown.

RDII Import into InfoSWMM

Note: InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM can import any version of the RDII Unit Hydrograph data from SWMM 5.0.001 to SWMM 5.0.021 using the Import manager command. The difference is that SWMM 5.0.013 and earlier versions had less initial abstraction data and versions after SWMM 5.0.014 had more initial abstraction data. However, the Import Manager detects the version and imports the data correctly. SWMM 5.0.013 stored 9 RTK and 3 Initial Abstraction parameters and later versions 9 RTK and 9 Initial Abstraction parameters. InfoSWMM will import any format into the current version of InfoSWMM or H20MAP SWMM, which is based on SWMM 5.0.018 but will soon be based on SWMM 5.0.021.

SWMM 5.0.001 to 5.0.013 RDII UH Data

SWMM 5.0.014 to 5.0.021 RDII UH Data

InfoSWMM and H2oMAP SWMM will have 9 RTK and 9 Initial Abstraction Parameters.

How to Import Subcatchments from GIS into InfoSWMM

Note: How to Import Subcatchments from GIS into InfoSWMM

Step 1: Add your shapefile using the Add Data command.
Step 2: Your imported shape file has no subcatchment data before we initialize the project.
Step 3: Add your subcatchment data using the GIS Exchange Cluster Import
Step 4: Now you have the Subcatchments in the DB Tables and can now calculate the area.
=====================================
Step 1: Add your shapefile using the Add Data command.


Step 2: Your imported shape file has no subcatchment data


Step 3: Add your subcatchment data using the GIS Exchange Cluster Import

Step 4: Now you have the Subcatchments in the DB Tables and can now calculate the area.

We still have to enter 1/10000 to get the right units for subcatchment area using the Auto Area Calculation under Tools preferences. You first import the shape file and then you turn on Auto Area Calculation, enter a value for the Area Scaling Factor and then use the tool Utilities, Update DB from Map, All Subcatchment to get the Subcatchment Area in hectares.

A workaround for Hydrology only models that send all subcatchment flow to the pervious area.

Note: A workaround for Hydrology only models that send all subcatchment flow to the pervious area. Briefly, v16 had a total infiltration of 14 inches in the attached model but v21 has a total infiltration of 3.5 inches. The input file uses the attached rainfall file and it routes all of the flow to the pervious area of the subcatchment. If you plot the losses in v16 and v21 you will see that the losses stop after about 30 days in v21 and continue in v16. I found that if you put in a small evaporation rate (0.01 inches/day will do) then v21 will duplicate the answers of v16. Looking at the depths in the subcatchment it seemed in v21 without evaporation that the depth in pervious area was stuck at the depression storage value.

In summary – the problem seems to be that the losses stop after the depth in the pervious area is above the depression storage unless you have evaporation to sort of kick start the infiltration losses again.

External Buildup Time Series for Water Quality Loading in SWMM 5.0.021

Note: External Buildup Time Series is now an option for Buildup. The EXT Landuse option uses a time series as the source of the water quality loading.

Source Node Tracing In InfoSWMM

Note: Source Node Tracing in InfoSWMM. Often you want to know how much flow is being contributed to the flow in a node or link from a single source node. You can use the Trace with Source Node ID option under the Quality Tab of the Run Manager to select the trace node of the analysis. The source node will have a concentration of 100 for all dry weather and wet weather inflow. This includes runoff, RDII inflow, DWF and Inflow Time Series. The InfoSWMM water quality routing routine will then be used to route the source concentration of 100 throughout the whole network. Later using the Report Manager you can view the source node concentration for any set of nodes and links in your network. For example, a concentration of 40 percent means that 40 percent of the flow in the node or link comes from your designated source node (see below).

The new features in SWMM 5.0.021

Note: The new features in SWMM 5.0.021, which really are the new features in SWMM 5.0.019, 5.0.020 and 5.0.021 because of the way in which it was released. The big structural changes were made to the subcatchment, node, groundwater, infiltration and evaporation routines so that there is better continuity between the rainfall that falls on the pervious area of a watershed, the BMP/LID’s of the subcatchment (unlimited per subcatchment), evaporation, infiltration and storage nodes/ponds/lakes. A watershed or subcatchment is now simulated in layers:

· Pervious and Impervious Area surface runoff,

· Shallow Water Aquifer for Infiltration,

· Surface ponds with evaporation and infiltration,

· BMP and LID coverage under the pervious area,

· Two layer Groundwater Aquifer for flow to canals and manholes.

How to Get the SWMM 5 GUI to recognize an already existing Report and Output File

Note: How to Get the SWMM 5 GUI to recognize an already existing Report and Output File
I found a way to see your results in SWMM 5.0.013. You need an ini file with the results flag turned on. The ini file can be very small - just three lines but once you have the Saved=1 flag on then when you open the GUI the graphs and output file icons will be turned on. An alternate method would be to have the flag automatically turned on the SWMM 5 GUI in FMAIN.PAS but you would have to recompile the GUI.
// Reset status flags
Uglobals.HasChanged := False;
Uglobals.UpdateFlag := False;
Uglobals.ResultsSaved := True; // This is normally False
Here is the three line ini file that you need.
[Results]
Saved=1
Current=1

You will have to make an ini file for each input file name and each one will have an ini file extension

The SWMM 5 GUI will
· open up your input file,
· find the results flag,
· check for existence of the rpt and out files and then
· find out the SWMM 5 version of the output file.

Solving a Bug: Processes

Solving a Bug: Processes

SWMM 5 Convergence Process

Note: Iteration Process in the SWMM 5 Dynwave.c Code

The Total flow from a Subcatchment in SWMM 5

Note: The total flow from a Subcatchment is the sum of the flow from the impervious area with and without depression storage and the pervious area with depression strorage. The same width, slope but different roughness applies to the impervious and pervious portions of the subcatchment.

The Reported Depth Variable in a Subcatchment of SWMM 5

Note: There are Three Types of Surfaces in each Subcatchment of SWMM 5. The overall depth in a subcatchment is the weighted average of the impervious without depression storage area, the impervious with depression storage area and the pervious area depth. The depths on each type of area are independent of each other.


Figure 1: The processes that occur on each type of Subcatchment Area.

Figure 2: The three independent Depths on a Subcatchment. The SWMM 5 reported Depth is the weighted average of the three depths.

SWMM 5 Subcatchment Runoff and Depth Relationship

Note: The surface runoff is a non linear function of the independent depth in both the pervious and impervious areas of the subcatchments. No surface runoff occurs until the depth over either the impervious or pervious area is greater than the respective depression storage (Figure’s 1, 2, 3 and 4).
Figure 1: Surface Runoff, Depth and Depression Storage Relationship.

How to Make a New Project INI file for InfoSewer

Note: How to Make a New Project INI file for InfoSewer
Step 1: Make a new InfoSewer Project as a New Empty Map and use the ArcGIS Default as the spatial reference.

Step 2: Save your new empty model.

Step 3: Copy your old model DB folder to the new MyEmptyModel DB folder


Step 4: Open up the mxd file MyEmptyModel and Initialize it – it should be a valid model now.

Link and Node Depth Relationship in SWMM 5

Note: The depth in a manhole or node in SWMM 5 can be higher than the depth in the connecting links if the link is surcharged. Typically the upstream link depth is equal to the upstream node depth (if there is not link offsets) and the downstream link depth is equal to the downstream node depth (if there is no offsets) until the link is surcharged and then the node surcharge depth algorithm is used in SWMM 5 and point iteration equation is used to calculate the surcharge depth in the node.

SWMM5 Groundwater Flow Components

Note: There are three sub flow components in the calculation of the groundwater flow from a SWMM 5 Subcatchment.
1^st Component: Flow = Groundwater Flow Coef. * (LowerDepth – Aquifer Bottom to Node Invert) ^ Groundwater Flow Exponent
2 ^nd Component: Flow = SurfaceWater Flow Coef. * (Aquifer Bottom to Water Surface – Aquifer Bottom to Node Invert) ^ SurfaceWater Flow Exponent
3^rd Component: Flow = SurfaceWater-Groundwater Flow Coef. * (Aquifer LowerDepth * Aquifer Bottom to Node Invert)
The total flow is the sum of all three components.

SWMM 5 Aquifer has a Saturated and Unsaturated Zone

SWMM 5 Aquifer has a Saturated and Unsaturated Zone by dickinsonre Note:  The unsaturated upper zone soil moisture varies between the initial upper zone moisture fraction to the porosity fraction for the soil.  The soil moisture content is for the SWMM5 Aquifer which can cover more than one Subcatchment in your simulation network. via Blogger http://www.swmm5.net/2013/07/swmm-5-aquifer-has-saturated-and.html