Default H&H or Hydrology and Hydraulic Values from SWMM5

Default H&H or Hydrology and Hydraulic Values from SWMM5

A.1       Units of Measurement

PARAMETER	US CUSTOMARY	SI METRIC
Area (Subcatchment)	acres	hectares
Area (Storage Unit)	square feet	square meters
Area (Ponding)	square feet	square meters
Capillary Suction	inches	millimeters
Concentration	mg/L (milligrams/liter)  ug/L (micrograms/liter)  Count/L (counts/liter)	mg/L ug/L Count/L
Decay Constant (Infiltration)	1/hours	1/hours
Decay Constant (Pollutants)	1/days	1/days
Depression Storage	inches	millimeters
Depth	feet	meters
Diameter	feet	meters
Discharge Coefficient:     Orifice	dimensionless	dimensionless
Weir	CFS/footn	CMS/metern
Elevation	feet	meters
Evaporation	inches/day	millimeters/day
Flow	CFS (cubic feet / second)  GPM (gallons / minute)  MGD (million gallons/day)	CMS (cubic meters/second) LPS (liters/second) MLD (million liters/day)
Head	feet	meters
Hydraulic Conductivity	inches/hour	millimeters/hour
Infiltration Rate	inches/hour	millimeters/hour
Length	feet	meters
Manning's n	seconds/meter1/3	seconds/meter1/3
Pollutant Buildup	mass/length  mass/acre	mass/length mass/hectare
Rainfall Intensity	inches/hour	millimeters/hour
Rainfall Volume	inches	millimeters
Slope (Subcatchments)	percent	percent
Slope (Cross Section)	rise/run	rise/run
Street Cleaning Interval	days	days
Volume	cubic feet	cubic meters
Width	feet	meters

A.2       Soil Characteristics

Soil Texture Class	K	Ψ	φ	FC	WP
Sand	4.74	1.93	0.437	0.062	0.024
Loamy Sand	1.18	2.40	0.437	0.105	0.047
Sandy Loam	0.43	4.33	0.453	0.190	0.085
Loam	0.13	3.50	0.463	0.232	0.116
Silt Loam	0.26	6.69	0.501	0.284	0.135
Sandy Clay Loam	0.06	8.66	0.398	0.244	0.136
Clay Loam	0.04	8.27	0.464	0.310	0.187
Silty Clay Loam	0.04	10.63	0.471	0.342	0.210
Sandy Clay	0.02	9.45	0.430	0.321	0.221
Silty Clay	0.02	11.42	0.479	0.371	0.251
Clay	0.01	12.60	0.475	0.378	0.265

K =   saturated hydraulic conductivity, in/hr Ψ =   suction head, in.

φ=   porosity, fraction FC =   field capacity, fraction WP =   wilting point, fraction

Source: Rawls, W.J. et al., (1983). J. Hyd. Engr., 109:1316.

Note: The following relation between Ψ and K can be derived from this table:

                                         

A.3       NRCS Hydrologic Soil Group Definitions

Group	Meaning	Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (in/hr)
A	Low runoff potential. Water is transmitted freely through the soil. Group A soils typically have less than 10 percent clay and more than 90 percent sand or gravel and have gravel or sand textures.	> 1.42
B	Moderately low runoff potential. Water transmission through the soil is unimpeded. Group B soils typically have between 10 percent and 20 percent clay and 50 percent to 90 percent sand and have loamy sand or sandy loam textures.	0.57 – 1.42
	Moderately high runoff potential.
C	Water transmission through the soil is somewhat restricted. Group C soils typically have between 20 percent and 40 percent clay and less than 50 percent sand and have loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, and silty clay loam textures.	0.06 - 0.57
	High runoff potential.
D	Water movement through the soil is restricted or very restricted. Group D soils typically have greater than 40 percent clay, less than 50 percent sand, and have clayey textures.	< 0.06

Source: Hydrology National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 7, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, January 2009.

A.4       SCS Curve Numbers¹

Land Use Description		Hydrologic Soil Group
	A	B	C	D
Cultivated land    Without conservation treatment    With conservation treatment	72 62	81 71	88 78	91 81
Pasture or range land    Poor condition    Good condition	68 39	79 61	86 74	89 80
Meadow    Good condition	30	58	71	78
Wood or forest land    Thin stand, poor cover, no mulch    Good cover2	45 25	66 55	77 70	83 77
Open spaces, lawns, parks, golf courses, cemeteries, etc.    Good condition: grass cover on    75% or more of the area	39	61	74	80
Fair condition: grass cover on    50-75% of the area	49	69	79	84
Commercial and business areas (85% impervious)	89	92	94	95
Industrial districts (72% impervious)	81	88	91	93
Residential3  Average lot size (% Impervious4)    1/8 ac or less (65)    1/4 ac (38)    1/3 ac (30)    1/2 ac (25)    1 ac (20)	77 61 57 54 51	85 75 72 70 68	90 83 81 80 79	92 87 86 85 84
Paved parking lots, roofs, driveways, etc.5	98	98	98	98
Streets and roads    Paved with curbs and storm sewers5    Gravel    Dirt	98 76 72	98 85 82	98 89 87	98 91 89

Source: SCS Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, 2^nd Ed., (TR-55), June 1986.

Footnotes:

1.  Antecedent moisture condition II.

2.  Good cover is protected from grazing and litter and brush cover soil.

3.  Curve numbers are computed assuming that the runoff from the house and driveway is directed toward the street with a minimum of roof water directed to lawns where additional infiltration could occur.

4.  The remaining pervious areas (lawn) are considered to be in good pasture condition for these curve numbers.

5.  In some warmer climates of the country a curve number of 95 may be used.

A.5          Depression Storage

Impervious surfaces	0.05 - 0.10 inches
Lawns	0.10 - 0.20 inches
Pasture	0.20 inches
Forest litter	0.30 inches

Source: ASCE, (1992). Design & Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems, New York, NY.

A.6          Manning’s n – Overland Flow

Surface	n
Smooth asphalt	0.011
Smooth concrete	0.012
Ordinary concrete lining	0.013
Good wood	0.014
Brick with cement mortar	0.014
Vitrified clay	0.015
Cast iron	0.015
Corrugated metal pipes	0.024
Cement rubble surface	0.024
Fallow soils (no residue)	0.05
Cultivated soils    Residue cover < 20%	0.06
Residue cover > 20%	0.17
Range (natural)	0.13
Grass    Short, prairie    Dense	0.15 0.24
Bermuda grass	0.41
Woods    Light underbrush    Dense underbrush	0.40 0.80

Source: McCuen, R. et al. (1996), Hydrology, FHWA-SA96-067, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC

A.7          Manning’s n – Closed Conduits

Conduit Material	Manning n
Asbestos-cement pipe	0.011 - 0.015
Brick	0.013 - 0.017
Cast iron pipe - Cement-lined & seal coated	0.011 - 0.015
Concrete (monolithic) - Smooth forms	0.012 - 0.014
- Rough forms	0.015 - 0.017
Concrete pipe	0.011 - 0.015
Corrugated-metal pipe (1/2-in. x 2-2/3-in. corrugations) - Plain	0.022 - 0.026
- Paved invert	0.018 - 0.022
- Spun asphalt lined	0.011 - 0.015
Plastic pipe (smooth)	0.011 - 0.015
Vitrified clay -  Pipes -  Liner plates	0.011 - 0.015 0.013 - 0.017

Source: ASCE (1982). Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction, ASCE Manual of Practice No. 60, New York, NY.

A.8          Manning’s n – Open Channels

Channel Type	Manning n
Lined Channels
- Asphalt	0.013 - 0.017
- Brick	0.012 - 0.018
- Concrete	0.011 - 0.020
- Rubble or riprap	0.020 - 0.035
- Vegetal	0.030 - 0.40
Excavated or dredged
- Earth, straight and uniform	0.020 - 0.030
- Earth, winding, fairly uniform	0.025 - 0.040
- Rock	0.030 - 0.045
- Unmaintained	0.050 - 0.140
Natural channels (minor streams, top width at flood stage < 100 ft)
- Fairly regular section	0.030 - 0.070
- Irregular section with pools	0.040 - 0.100

Source: ASCE (1982). Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction, ASCE Manual of Practice No. 60, New York, NY.

A.9          Water Quality Characteristics of Urban Runoff

Constituent	Event Mean Concentrations
TSS (mg/L)	180 - 548
BOD (mg/L)	12 - 19
COD (mg/L)	82 - 178
Total P (mg/L)	0.42 - 0.88
Soluble P (mg/L)	0.15 - 0.28
TKN (mg/L)	1.90 - 4.18
NO2/NO3-N (mg/L)	0.86 - 2.2
Total Cu (ug/L)	43 - 118
Total Pb (ug/L)	182 - 443
Total Zn (ug/L)	202 - 633

Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1983). Results of the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP), Vol. 1, NTIS PB 84-185552), Water Planning Division, Washington, DC.

Source:   http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF

Three Types of Simulation Runs in InfoSewer

Three Types of Simulation Runs in InfoSewer

Three different types of hydraulic analyses can be carried out by InfoSewer and are explained below in the following sections.  Here are the three Run Manager Tabs

InfoSewer Pro Only has the Storm Tab, if you do not have the Pro version you will not be able to simulate RDII or Stormwater Runoff

InfoSewer and InfoSewer Pro allow you to use the General, Peaking, Quality and Design Tabs

Siphon Network in XPSWMM that also applies to InfoSWMM, InfoSewer, ICM and SWMM5

My classic Siphon Network in XPSWMM that also applies to InfoSWMM, InfoSewer, ICM and SWMM5

Since Siphons are a common question and I found my older XPSWMM training models – here is a reminder:

1. The Siphon works based on the old Roman Aqueduct system, 
1. Inflow comes into network
2. Water falls down into the siphon based on elevation differences between the nodes, in this case the down link
3. Eventually the HGL in the nodes and links increases and flow comes out the downstream end of the siphon, in this case the up link
4. It all works on the elevation of the nodes.  There are no other special data requirements.  

Bob Dickinson at the CDM CSD Consulting Division in 2003

Bob Dickinson, Tampa, FL Water Resources Resume P: 813-281-2900 F: 813-288-8987 H: 813-920-0681 dickinsonre@cdm.com Key Areas of Practice Stormwater and Sanitary Sewer Modeling, Numerical Methods, Interface Design, Water Resources Planning, Water Quality Modeling, Model Interaction, Modeling Support and Training, Transportation Engineering, and 3D Visualization Areas of Specialization Within Practice Stormwater Management Model (SWMM4/5) development Training and support Culvert design Pond and drainage design 3D visualization using smart objects Marketing Success Skilled at adding unique, customized features to the SWMM that corresponds to each client's/potential client's needs. For Miami/Dade, added population/pump curves to the model, allowing the client to match SCADA data with pump data. For Winnipeg, added flow regulators, which made it possible to model the system. Client Service & Project Delivery For the ALCOSAN modeling project, was able to add specialized snowmelt, rainfall, temperature, runoff, statistical, diurnal flow patterns and hydraulic features that let us successfully model the Pittsburgh separate and combined sewer systems.  In a Water Quality Study of Nine Mile Run in Pittsburgh, developed an EMC input for SWMM and an ACCESS interface between SWMM and ArcView to predict watershed and CSO loadings for 50 years. Helps clients to understand the computer models they pay for through training and white papers. Offers translation services for clients with older Stormwater models. New features or connections to the Stormwater models can be supplied by programming in Fortran, VB or C++. Programs customized interfaces or applications for clients using Fortran, VB or C++ for water quality, drainage, road design, 3D visualization, statistical analysis and stormwater and sanitary hydraulic analysis.  Education M.E. - Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, 1985 B.E. - Environmental Engineering Services, University of Florida, 1979 Achievements/Innovations  A developer of SWMM Versions 3 and 4 at UF, XP-SWMM at XP Software, Visual Hydro and Visual Culvert at CAiCE Software. Since joining CDM in late 2000, helped CDM move ahead with the SWMM 5 upgrade initiative. Helped the firm bridge the gap between SWMM vendors and the public domain engine of SWMM by enabling CDM to become a link between the various SWMM vendors.

Privileged and Confidential Communication: This electronic mail communication and any documents included hereto may contain confidential and privileged material for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) named above. If you are not the intended recipient (or authorized to receive for the recipient) of this message, any review, use, distribution or disclosure by you or others is strictly prohibited. Please contact the sender by reply email and delete and/or destroy the accompanying message.

Powerful InfoSWMM Link, Node and Subcatchment Component Graphs help you understand the Hydrology and Hydraulics of SWMM5

Powerful InfoSWMM Link, Node and Subcatchment Component Graphs help you understand the Hydrology and Hydraulics of SWMM5.  You can graph the components by Axes and Panels.

Privileged and Confidential Communication: This electronic mail communication and any documents included hereto may contain confidential and privileged material for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) named above. If you are not the intended recipient (or authorized to receive for the recipient) of this message, any review, use, distribution or disclosure by you or others is strictly prohibited. Please contact the sender by reply email and delete and/or destroy the accompanying message.

Where RDII Analyst Solutions are saved in the InfoSWMM Scenario Folder

The RDII Analyst Network is “1” with three Calibrated Runs “11”  “22”  and “33”

Creating a “zero byte” MXD file to use with any version of ArcGIS

by Patrick Moore

Sharing models across various versions of ArcGIS can occasionally present a challenge when utilizing Innovyze's non-workgroup products such as InfoWater, InfoMaster, InfoSewer, and InfoSWMM. Specifically, difficulties may arise when a model created in a newer version of ArcGIS is opened in an older version, often resulting in an error message indicating that the file cannot be opened.

To overcome this compatibility issue, a practical workaround involves the creation of a "zero-byte .mxd" file. This file, devoid of any ArcGIS-specific data, ensures that the model database from the IWDB or ISDB folder can be utilized in any version of ArcGIS. Here are the steps to create a zero-byte .mxd file:

1. Locate the Model: Use Windows Explorer to navigate to the folder containing the model you plan to share.

2. Create a New Text File: Right-click within the folder, select 'NEW', then 'Text document' to create a new text file.

3. Copy the Original MXD File Name: Copy the name of the original .mxd file you want to replace (for example, 'model1.mxd').

4. Rename the Original MXD File: Either delete the original .mxd file or rename it by appending '-old' to its name (for example, 'model1-old.mxd').

5. Rename the Text File: Paste the copied name to rename the newly created text file, ensuring it has the .mxd extension (for example, 'model1.mxd').

   Note: To change the file type, ensure that Windows is set to display file extensions. If you only see 'New Text Document' instead of 'New Text Document.txt', you might need to adjust your Windows settings to display file extensions.

6. Confirmation: If a warning pops up asking you to confirm the extension change, click 'yes'.

7. The Zero-Byte MXD File: Your new text file is now a .mxd file with zero content and zero-byte size. It's crucial not to open this file in the newer version of ArcGIS, as this might add ArcGIS-specific data, negating the purpose of the zero-byte file.

8. Open the File in an Older Version of ArcGIS: On the computer with the older version of ArcGIS, simply double-click the zero-byte .mxd file to open and initialize the model as you normally would.

9. Reset Display: After opening the model, you might need to hit the 'Reset display' button (symbolized by a yellow palette with an arrow) to update the model layer's color coding to default values.

This approach is often a simpler alternative to using the 'Save a Copy' feature, which requires you to copy the model database folder and match the name of the new .mxd file. It can save you a considerable amount of time when encountering ArcGIS versioning issues.

Remember, this process applies to any Innovyze non-workgroup products that operate as extensions in ArcGIS, including InfoWater, InfoSurge, InfoMaster, InfoSewer, and InfoSWMM.

Poetic Version

Ah, the artful dance of data interchange across varied versions of ArcGIS. If only it were as simple as a melody whispered on the wind. Yet, when navigating the intricacies of Innovyze's non-workgroup treasures such as InfoWater, InfoMaster, InfoSewer, and InfoSWMM, the symphony of compatibility occasionally hits a discordant note. A model, birthed in the vibrant youth of a new ArcGIS version, resists regression, stubbornly refusing to dance to the more seasoned rhythms of older versions.

Fear not, dear modeler, for within this maze of digital dialects, there exists a harmonious solution. It comes in the form of a “zero-byte .mxd” file, as insubstantial as a whisper yet as potent as a key that can unlock the door to any version of ArcGIS. Bereft of ArcGIS's specific imprints, this versatile file grants access to the sacred knowledge contained within the IWDB or ISDB folders, across all ArcGIS's temporal variations.

Let us embark on the magical journey of creating this zero-byte .mxd file:

1. Set the Stage: With Windows Explorer as your map, voyage through the digital seas to the island holding your model.

2. 
   

3. Summon a Tabula Rasa: Call forth a new Text Document into existence, a vessel waiting to carry your model's essence across the version sea.

4. 
   

5. Capture the Echo of the Past: With delicate precision, copy the name of the original .mxd file, this beacon from the past guiding us towards compatibility.

6. 
   

7. Transmute the Original: Gently, either cast aside the original .mxd file into the abyss or bestow upon it a new identity suffixed with '-old', a gentle nod to its enduring service.

8. 
   

9. The Metamorphosis: Apply the copied name to your new text file, marking it as the new bearer of the .mxd torch.

   Note: Only in the realm where file extensions are visible to the naked eye can this metamorphosis truly take place.

10. 
    

11. Embrace the New Form: When Windows casts doubt upon your renaming efforts, stand firm and affirm the transformation.

12. 
    

13. Birth of the Zero-Byte MXD: Your humble text file has ascended, taking on the guise of an .mxd file with zero content and zero-byte size. It is a silent echo of the original, ready to navigate the seas of different ArcGIS versions.

14. 
    

15. Journey to the Past: Board your vessel on the older version of ArcGIS. The gentle double-click of your mouse summons the spirit of the model into this older realm.

16. 
    

17. Awaken the Colors: Upon arrival, strike the 'Reset display' button, a digital phoenix, to breathe life into the model layer's color palette, aligning it to the rhythm of default values.

In this dance across the versions, this melodious method often outshines the more laborious 'Save a Copy' performance. It elegantly weaves through the threads of ArcGIS versioning issues, saving you both time and effort.

This beautiful ballet can grace any stage set by Innovyze non-workgroup products that perform as extensions in ArcGIS, be it InfoWater, InfoSurge, InfoMaster, InfoSewer, or InfoSWMM. So, fear not the versioning dance, for you are now equipped with the harmony of the zero-byte .mxd file. Dance on, dear modeler, dance on.