SWMM 5.2 App Python Code for the Index

 

This code is a Python interface to the SWMM5 hydrology and hydraulic simulation software. It uses the ctypes library to interface with the SWMM5 library, which is either a shared library file on Linux systems (libswmm5.so) or a dynamic-link library file on Windows systems (swmm5.dll). The code provides several functions to run and control the SWMM5 simulation, such as run, open, step, end, close, and report. It also provides functions to retrieve information from the simulation, such as getMassBalErr, getWarnings, getError, getValue, getSavedValue, and decodeDate. Additionally, the code includes several constants that are used to specify the type of objects and properties in the simulation.

Index Name	Integer Value	Description
GAGE	0
SUBCATCH	1
NODE	2
LINK	3
SYSTEM	100
JUNCTION	0
OUTFALL	1
STORAGE	2
DIVIDER	3
CONDUIT	0
PUMP	1
ORIFICE	2
WEIR	3
OUTLET	4
GAGE_RAINFALL	100
SUBCATCH_AREA	200
SUBCATCH_RAINGAGE	201
SUBCATCH_RAINFALL	202
SUBCATCH_EVAP	203
SUBCATCH_INFIL	204
SUBCATCH_RUNOFF	205
SUBCATCH_RPTFLAG	206
NODE_TYPE	300
NODE_ELEV	301
NODE_MAXDEPTH	302
NODE_DEPTH	303
NODE_HEAD	304
NODE_VOLUME	305
NODE_LATFLOW	306
NODE_INFLOW	307
NODE_OVERFLOW	308
NODE_RPTFLAG	309
LINK_TYPE	400
LINK_NODE1	401
LINK_NODE2	402
LINK_LENGTH	403
LINK_SLOPE	404
LINK_FULLDEPTH	405
LINK_FULLFLOW	406
LINK_SETTING	407
LINK_TIMEOPEN	408
LINK_TIMECLOSED	409
LINK_FLOW	410
LINK_DEPTH	411
LINK_VELOCITY	412
LINK_TOPWIDTH	413
LINK_RPTFLAG	414
STARTDATE	0
CURRENTDATE	1
ELAPSEDTIME	2
ROUTESTEP	3
MAXROUTESTEP	4
REPORTSTEP	5
TOTALSTEPS	6
NOREPORT	7
FLOWUNITS	8
CFS	0
GPM	1
MGD	2
CMS	3
LPS	4
MLD	5

Urban flooding from WrathofGnon on Twitter - with added Emojis

Urban Flooding: Challenges and Solutions 🌧🌆

Urban flooding, characterized by the sudden inundation of urban landscapes, is often triggered by intense rainfall, stormwater overflow, or even coastal surges. Factors fueling this phenomenon span from inadequately designed stormwater systems and rapid urban sprawl to the proliferation of impermeable surfaces.

Impacts of Urban Flooding 🌊🏢:

1. Property Damage: Floodwaters can invade homes and businesses, causing extensive structural damage.
2. Transportation Disruption: Flooded roads and transport routes can halt movement, impacting daily life and commerce.
3. Utilities Outage: Essential services like electricity may be compromised.
4. Public Health Concerns: Stagnant floodwaters can become breeding grounds for diseases and introduce waterborne pathogens.
5. Environmental Effects: The aftermath includes soil erosion and diminished water quality, with long-term flood risks increasing.

Factors Exacerbating Urban Flooding 🏙:

• Hard Surfaces: Concrete and asphalt prevalent in urban areas impede the ground's natural absorption ability.
• Built Environment: Urban constructions can inadvertently direct stormwater into confined channels, elevating the water's speed and volume, and thus the flood risk.

Preventive Measures and Mitigation 🌳🔧:

1. Green Infrastructure: Embracing solutions like green roofs, permeable pavements, and rain gardens can help absorb and manage water.
2. Stormwater Management Enhancement: Upgrading the existing stormwater systems to accommodate more significant volumes and implementing advanced drainage techniques can be pivotal.
3. Land Use Planning: Advocating for sustainable land development and zoning practices can curb the adverse impacts of urbanization on flooding.

In essence, urban flooding is a formidable challenge, but with conscious efforts, its impacts can be considerably mitigated. Communities need to blend traditional infrastructure with innovative solutions to foster resilience against this growing urban menace. Source 🌍💡.

ChatGPT Version of the SWMM5 Wikipedia Page History

 The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a widely used software application developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for simulating the hydrologic and hydraulic processes in urban drainage systems. The first version of SWMM was released in the early 1970s, and since then, it has undergone four major upgrades, with the latest being Version 5, released in the early 2000s.

The current version of SWMM, Version 5/5.2.1, is written in the programming language C and can be run on various Windows operating systems and Unix platforms. The code for SWMM 5 is open source and can be freely downloaded from the EPA website.

SWMM 5 provides a comprehensive graphical interface for editing watershed input data, performing hydrologic, hydraulic, real-time control, and water quality simulations, and viewing the results in various formats such as thematic drainage area maps, time-series graphs and tables, profile plots, scatter plots, and statistical frequency analyses.

The development of SWMM 5 was carried out by the Water Supply and Water Resources Division of the EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory in collaboration with the consulting firm CDM Inc. under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA). The software is widely used as the computational engine for many modeling packages and some of its components are also incorporated into other modeling packages.

SWMM 5 has been approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for use in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) modeling and has been included in the FEMA Model Approval Page since May 2005. The updated history of SWMM 5 from its original version to the current version can be found on the EPA website.

ChatGPT Version of the SWMM5 Wikipedia Page Introduction

 The EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a computer software that simulates the rainfall-runoff-routing process in urban areas. It operates by dividing the study area into smaller subcatchment areas, where the hydrologic processes producing runoff are accounted for, including time-varying rainfall, evaporation, snow accumulation, depression storage, and more. The runoff is then routed through a network of pipes, channels, storage/treatment units, pumps, and regulators using hydraulic modeling techniques. The model can handle networks of any size, model different flow regimes, and use either kinematic wave or dynamic wave flow routing methods.

SWMM has been widely used in various applications, such as flood control, waste load allocation studies, and master planning of sewer collection systems. It is public domain software that can be freely copied and distributed, with the C engine code and Delphi graphical user interface code easily edited for custom features.

Applications:

• Design and sizing of drainage system components for flood control
• Sizing of detention facilities for flood control and water quality protection
• Flood plain mapping of natural channel systems
• Minimizing Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) and Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO)
• Evaluating the impact of inflow and infiltration on sanitary sewer overflows
• Generating non-point source pollutant loadings for waste load allocation studies
• Evaluating the effectiveness of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Low Impact Development (LID) practices
• Rainfall-runoff modeling of urban and rural watersheds
• Hydraulic and water quality analysis of storm, sanitary, and combined sewer systems
• Master planning of sewer collection systems and urban watersheds
• System evaluations associated with EPA regulations, such as NPDES permits, CMOM, and TMDL
• 1D and 2D predictions of flood levels and flooding volume

Hydrologic Processes Accounted for in SWMM:

• Time-varying rainfall
• Evaporation of standing surface water
• Snow accumulation and melting
• Rainfall interception from depression storage
• Infiltration of rainfall into unsaturated soil layers
• Percolation of infiltrated water into groundwater layers
• Interflow between groundwater and the drainage system
• Nonlinear reservoir routing of overland flow
• Capture and retention of rainfall/runoff by LID practices

Hydraulic Modeling Capabilities:

• Handle networks of unlimited size
• Use a variety of standard closed and open conduit shapes and natural channels
• Model special elements such as storage/treatment units, flow dividers, pumps, weirs, and orifices
• Apply external flows and water quality inputs from various sources
• Use either kinematic wave or full dynamic wave flow routing methods
• Model various flow regimes, such as backwater, surcharging, reverse flow, and surface ponding
• Apply user-defined dynamic control rules to simulate the operation of pumps, orifice openings, and weir crest levels.