Using RDII or RTK or I&I Hydrographs in #INFOSEWER

Using RDII or RTK or I&I Hydrographs in #INFOSEWER – InfoSewer from Innovyze also has the features to model Infiltration/Inflow from Rainfall Events into a Sanitary or Combined Sewershed.  There are three parameters, R, T and K, a Sewershed Area and a fraction division that divides up the overall R to the three individual R’s

1UH has an overall R (percent of Rainfall that turns into Rainfall Dependent Infiltration Inflow)

a.      R1 = Percent R1 * R / 100

b.      R2 = Percent R2 * R / 100

c.      R3 =  R – R1 – R2

2Figure 1 shows the Rainfall for InfoSewer

3Figure 2 shows the result of using 100 Percent R1, R2 or R3 at a node

4T is in hour and T*K is the Time Base of the resulting UH

Figure 1 - Rainfall for RTK in InfoSewer

Figure 2 - Resultant UH for Nodes with  only R1, R2 or R3.

Street Flooding in 2009, Inlet Flows, Street Flooding #SWMM5 #INLETS

Street Flooding in 2009, Inlet Flows, Street Flooding #SWMM5  #INLETS

Heavy rainfall, inlets with capture and bypassing flows.

New Events Editor In EPA SWMM 5.1.011 and InfoSWMM Non Steady Period Dialog

The Events Editor in SWMM 5 (Figure 2) is activated when the Events sub-category of simulation Options is selected for editing from the Project Browser.   InfoSWMM has the same feature but it called Non Steady Period (Figure 1)

It is used to limit the periods of time in which a full unsteady hydraulic analysis of the drainage network is performed. For times outside of these periods, the hydraulic state of the network stays the same as it was at the end of the previous hydraulic event.  Although hydraulic calculations are restricted to these pre-defined event periods, a full accounting of the system's hydrology is still computed over the entire simulation duration. During inter-event periods any inflows to the network, from runoff, groundwater flow, dry weather flow, etc., are ignored. The purpose of only computing hydraulics for particular time periods is to speed up long-term continuous simulations where one knows in advance which periods of time (such as representative or critical storm events) are of most interest.

The new tab for Non Steady State periods in InfoSWMM and H2OMap SWMM allows you to use the  Skip steady State option for selected  time periods.

If selected and the change in lateral inflow or node volume or node depth is higher that the defined tolerance for any single node in the collection system, then hydraulic routing will be conducted, otherwise the steady state condition will be assumed.  (See Improved Dry Weather Computation Efficiency for more information.)

Skip Steady State Period - Select to skip steady state period and use the tolerances below or leave blank to use internal default tolerances. (Note: Internal default tolerance: Lateral Inflow = 0.00001 cfs, Node Depth = 0.00001 ft, Node Volume = 0.01 ft3.)

Lateral Inflow Tolerance - minimum change in lateral inflow per simulation timestep for hydraulic routing to be performed. 

Figure 1 - InfoSWMM Non Steady Periods

Figure 2 - Event Editor in EPA SWMM 5.1.011

How to change the Status Form in SWMM 5.1.011 so it works as in Earlier SWMM 5 Versions

In the current EPA SWMM 5.1.011 the Report/Status tool only shows the non tabular output.  The tabular output is shown in the Summary Tables (Figure 1).  If you use Delphi XE2 to XE7 and make a small change to file FSTATS.PAS (Figure 3) you will see  the Summary tables in both the Status Report and the Summary Talbles (Figure 3).  The tables are stored in the same form they have been in past SWMM 5’s.

The current code looks for the Summary Tables and if it finds them the lines after the Summary is not saved to the Status Form.

            if  (ContainsText(Line, Subcatchment Runoff'))    

            or (ContainsText(Line, Node Depth'))            

If you change the words searched to words that will not appear in the output then the line will be copied to the Status Form. 

            if  (ContainsText(Line, 'Do not Skip this Subcatchment Runoff'))     // 2016 RED

            or (ContainsText(Line, 'Do not Skip this Node Depth'))               // 2016 RED

Figure 1 - Current SWMM 5.1.011 only shows to the Routing Time Step Summary in the Status Form.

Figure 2 - Small Change to Make in the Delphi XE7 Code

Figure 3 - Now you can See the Summary Tables in the Status Form.

Changing the top of the #EPA #SWMM 5 GUI Window Caption to the current EPA Version using Delphi XE7

If you want to change the top of the EPA SWMM 5 GUI Window Caption and you have access to Delphi XE2 to XE7 (I use XE7 and the EPA GUI uses XE2)  you can change the caption by changing the following line in FMAIN.PAS and recompliing

TXT_MAIN_CAPTION = 'SWMM 5.1.011 - QA/QC';

Figure 1 shows the new GUI top and Figure 2 shows the snippet to be changed in FMAIN.PAS

Figure 2 - New Caption at the Top of the SWMM 5 GUI

Figure 2 - FMAIN.PAS code Snippet

Meaning of Left and Right Bank Station in the Transects of #SWMM5 and #InfoSWMM

Meaning of Left and Right Bank Station in the Transecrts of #SWMM5 and #InfoSWMM

Vertical Roughness in a Pipe In InfoSWMM

Vertical Roughness Threshold-  The Vertical Roughness Threshold is a fraction and

the Threshold depth calculated from this fraction will be the Vertical Roughness

Threshold Fraction * Maximum depth. If the Maximum depth is 3 meters and the Vertical

Roughness Threshold is 0.5 then the dividing depth is 1.5 meters

Vertical Roughness - The lower or higher link roughness is entered as the Vertical

Roughness value

Vertical Roughness in a Pipe In InfoSWMM

Graphical View of the Runoff process in #SWMM5 and #INFOSWMM

Here is a graphical view of the nonlinear runoff processes in InfoSWMM and SWMM5:

1. Three runoff surfaces

a. Impervious with Depression Storage

b. Pervious

c. Impervious without Depression Storage

2. Slope (same for all runoff surfaces)

3. Width or the Dimension of the Subcatchment (same for all runoff surfaces)

4. Infiltration

a. Horton

b. Modified Horton

c. Green Ampt

d. Modified Green Ampt

e. Curve Number or SCS or CN

f. Monthly Adjustments for Climate Change for all Infiltration Methods

5. Evaporation

a. Constant

b. Time Series

c. Monthly

d. Temperature

e. Climate File

f. Monthly Adjustments for Climate Change

6. Roughness (Manning’s n)

a. Impervious

b. Pervious

7. Depression Storage

a. Impervious

b. Pervious

8. Temperature for Snowmelt

a. Climate File

b. Time Series

c. Monthly Adjustments for Climate Change

9. Wind Speed for Snowmelt

a. Climate File

b. Time Series

10. Other connected processes

a. LID Controls

b. Groundwater

c. Snowmelt

d. Water Quality

11. Outlet

a. Node

b. Pervious Runoff Surface

c. Impervious Runoff Surface

d. Another Subcatchment

e. LID Controls

i. Rain Garden

ii. Green Roofs

iii. Porous or Permeable Pavements

iv. Bio Retention Cells

v. Infiltration Trench

vi. Vegetative Swales

vii. Rain Barrel

viii. Rooftop Disconnection

12. Rainfall

a. Design Storms

b. Historical Storms

c. Long term NWS data or a Climate File

d. User Time Series

e. Monthly Adjustments for Climate Change

Immerse yourself in the vibrant, non-linear world of runoff processes with InfoSWMM and SWMM5, where every drop of rain and every grain of soil tells a story of hydrological complexity. 🌧️🌿🔍

Explore the Runoff Realm: Your journey begins with the varied landscapes of runoff surfaces, each with its own character:

• The hard, storage-savvy impervious surfaces 🏙️
• The absorbent, life-giving pervious grounds 🌱
• The slick, unyielding impervious zones without depression storage 🛣️

Navigate the Terrain: Traverse slopes identical across terrains and witness how width shapes the subcatchment's hydrological response. 🏞️📐

Infiltrate the Infiltration Puzzle: Decipher the infiltration enigma with methods ranging from Horton to Green-Ampt, each nuanced by climate change's monthly adjustments. 💧🕵️‍♂️

Evaporation - Nature's Algorithm: Engage with evaporation, nature's algorithm, modulated by constants, series, and even the rhythm of the seasons, all under the watchful eye of climate change. ☀️💨

The Roughness Factor: Feel the surface beneath your feet, from the sleek impervious to the textured pervious, each with its unique roughness coefficient. 🚶‍♂️🌳

Depression Storage - Nature's Reservoirs: Discover the pockets of storage across your urban and natural landscapes, critical in the initial interception of rainfall. 🛤️🌼

The Chill of Snowmelt: Brace against the chill of snowmelt, guided by temperature readings and wind speeds from climate files or time series, all fine-tuned for a changing world. ❄️🌡️

The Web of Water Processes: Weave through the intricate web of connected water processes, from LID controls that mimic nature to the groundwater's silent flow, the transformation of snow to water, and the dance of water quality constituents. 💦🌐

Where Waters Flow: Follow the water as it journeys to nodes, pervious surfaces, other subcatchments, or through LID controls like rain gardens and green roofs, each a story of ingenuity and design. 🌈🏞️

The Drama of Rainfall: And finally, gaze skyward to the drama of rainfall, from design storms to historical patterns, enriched by long-term data and user-created sagas, all under the shadow of climate change. 🌦️📖

This is the mosaic of runoff processes in InfoSWMM and SWMM5—a symphony of hydrological phenomena waiting for you to conduct its performance. 🎶🌍📚

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Tips for modeling Force Mains (FM) in #SWMM5, ICM SWMM and #InfoSWMM

Tips for modeling Force Mains (FM) in #SWMM5 and #InfoSWMM

 It often helps to add a break node to a long force main (especially if it joins the Gravity Main (GM) system at the end of the FM):

1. Adding a Surcharge Node at the end of the Force Main (FM): The implementation of a surcharge node at the end of the force main can be seen as a good modeling practice in hydraulic engineering. This node acts as a buffer or transition point between the pressurized flow in the force main and the gravity-fed flow in the gravity main. By doing so, it allows for the accurate representation of the behavior of flows transitioning from a force main to a gravity main.

2. The FM has a d/D ratio of 1 most of the time: In hydraulic modeling, the d/D ratio is a representation of the flow depth (d) to pipe diameter (D) ratio. In a force main, the d/D ratio is typically 1, indicating that the pipe is running full. This makes sense because force mains, unlike gravity sewers, are designed to operate under pressure and thus are usually completely filled with the flow. This d/D ratio is a crucial parameter to keep in mind when dealing with force mains and their transition to gravity mains.

3. Avoiding an abrupt transition between the FM and GM system: The introduction of a surcharge node can help mitigate the potential problems associated with the abrupt transition from the force main (FM) to the gravity main (GM). An abrupt transition can lead to hydraulic issues, such as a sudden drop in flow velocity and potential backflows. These problems can lead to pipe damage or even system failure. The addition of a surcharge node helps to better manage this transition, making the system more resilient to such problems. This practice, therefore, enhances the reliability and efficiency of the combined force main and gravity main system.

By carefully considering these points and strategically incorporating them into the system design, you can effectively mitigate potential issues and ensure a more robust and resilient sewer system operation.

Plotting a Reference Graph in InfoSWMM makes it easy to see how the Pumps react to Wet Well Depths.

FM to GM Transitions 

Break Node in FM's

A few of the many fantastic features of embedding InfoSWMM inside of ESRI Arc GIS

A few of the many fantastic features of embedding InfoSWMM inside of ESRI Arc GIS is the ability to use the other programs of ESRI such as

1. magnifying windows, 
2. Arc Catalog, 
3. ArcScene 
4. and having many background maps.

Here are multiple views of InfoSWMM 2D and InfoSWMM Sustain in Arc GIS (Top Image) and ArcScene (Bottom Image).

InfoSWMM 2D in Arc Scene

The Power or Graphics in InfoSWMM and H2OMap SWMM

The Power or Graphics in InfoSWMM and H2OMap SWMM:  The graphs have a lot of flexibility to show, compare and explain your model results.

How do you interpret the Flow and Hydrology Summary Tables in SWMM 5.1?

How do you interpret the Flow and Hydrology Summary Tables in SWMM 5.1?

Interpretation of the Tables..

Example Pump Controls in InfoSewer and H2OMap Sewer

Example Pump Controls in InfoSewer and H2OMap Sewer

Five ways to control the pump by controls in InfoSewerH20Map Sewer. Here are a few examples and important features of the various InfoSewer Pump Controls. A pump in InfoSewerH20Map Sewer uses a Newton-Raphson iteration process for 50 iterations or until the successive iterations between pump flows are 0.001 cfs.

• Pump volume – control the pump by the pump volume (cubic feet or cubic meters). The on and off settings, pump curve and the iteration process applying to pumps are the controlling simulation features.

• By Level– control the pump by the pump level or depth ( feet or meters). The on and off settings, pump curve and the iteration process applying to pumps are the controlling simulation features.

• By Discharge – control the pump by the pump pattern in flow units. The pump pattern (discharge), pump curve and the iteration process applying to pumps are the controlling simulation features. The pump speed adjusts to main the pump pattern.

• By Inflow – control the pump by the inflow to the Wet Well. The Wet Well inflow, the iteration process applying to pumps are the controlling simulation features. The pump flow equals the inflow to the Wet Well and the Wet Well stays at a constant level.

• By Time – control the pump by the time speed pattern. The pump curve is used when the pump is turned on by the pattern.

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GIF Presentation of LID’s in InfoSWMM Sustain

This GIF was originally made in Powerpoint and gifmaker.me

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How to See the Highest Continuity Errors Table in the Output Report Manager for #InfoSWMM

How to See the Highest Continuity Errors Table in the Output Report Manager for #InfoSWMM

In the output text report file of infoSWMM and H2OMap SWMM there is the Highest Node Continuity Error Table. The Table shows the highest 20 Nodes for percent node continuity errors and the actual continuity error as defined by Node Outflow – Node Inflow. This table is also shown in the Output Report Manger table 

The same value of Node Outflow – Node Inflow is shown in the Junction Summary table under the column flow volume difference. The units of flow volume difference will be the same as the RPT file if the units are changed in the Output Unit Manger.

How to change the volume units in the Output Unit Manger. Change the volume to MG or ML (for SI units).

The flow volume difference can also be seen in Map Display by picking the Active Output variable Vol_Diff or Flow Volume Difference.

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Innovyze InfoSewer vs InfoSWMM and H2OMap SWMM vs H2OMap Sewer

Innovyze InfoSewer vs InfoSWMM and H2OMap SWMM vs H2OMap Sewer

A short comparison of the features in infoSWMM and infoSewer. Many of the same rows apply to H2OMap SWMM and H2OMap Sewer.

Feature Class	Feature	InfoSewer	InfoSWMM
Base Functionality	Conservative Solution as an option
	Public domain engine
	Calibrate model to flow data
	Calibration Data
	Models siphons
	Infers missing inverts
	Validation tools
	DWF Allocator
	Models flow attenuation
	RDII flow data processing
	Facility Manager
	Batch Simulation
	Scenario Manager
	Scenario Management: Parent-Child Inheritance Functionality
	Advanced Reporting (reserve capacity, freeboard, etc)
	Data Flagging
	Unlimited undo and redo
	Version Control: View Commit History, Compare Differences, and Automate Conflict Resolution
IT/Database Architecture	Multi-User Architecture: (Runs Standalone, in a Workgroup, or as an Enterprise System)
	64 Bit Application & Multi Core Processing
	Remote Simulation Capability: (Allows user to continue working on model while sim is occuring)
	Flexible Licensing: Mix-n-match Model Build and Sim Engine seats as required
2D/Advanced Hydraulic Modeling	River, Bridge, and Ancillary Modeling
	2D Included		Add On
	True Representation of Open Channels: 1) No limit to x-sections. 2) Full hydraulic interaction with 2D zones along length of channel and over both river banks.		HEC-RAS
	Superior interaction between rivers, collection systems, and 2D meshes
	GPU Card for Increased Sim time and Stability
	Shock Capturing (models high velocity flows/steep embankments)

H2OMap SWMM imports H2OMap Sewer and infoSWMM directly

InfoSWMM imports H2OMap SWMM, H2OMap Sewer and InfoSewer directly as shown in the SWMM and Sewer Import Options figure.

A visual comparison between Sewer and SWMM Nodes

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