#LID Defaults from the EPA SWC

The following defaults are from the EPA Stormwater Calculator

https://www.epa.gov/water-research/national-stormwater-calculator

A few of these parameters such as the capture ratio are not parameters in InfoSWMM Sustain

There are some additional points to keep in mind when applying LID controls to a site:

1.      The area devoted to Disconnection, Rain Gardens, and Infiltration Basins is assumed to come from the site’s collective amount of pervious land cover while the area occupied by Green Roofs, Street Planters and Porous Pavement comes from the site’s store of impervious area.

2.      Underdrains (slotted pipes placed in the gravel beds of Street Planter and Porous Pavement areas to prevent the unit from flooding) are not provided for. However since underdrains are typically oversized and placed at the top of the unit’s gravel bed, the effect on the amount of excess runoff flow bypassed by the unit is the same whether it flows out of the underdrain or simply runs off of a flooded surface.

3.      The amount of void space in the soil, gravel, and pavement used in the LID controls are listed in Table 4 below. They typically have a narrow range of acceptable values and results are not terribly sensitive to variations within this range.

Table 3. Editable LID parameters.

LID Type	Parameter	Default Value
Disconnection	Capture Ratio	100 %
Rain Harvesting	Cistern Size	100 gal
	Cistern Emptying Rate	50 gal/day
	Number of Cisterns	4 per 1,000 sq ft
Rain Gardens	Capture Ratio	5 %
	Ponding Depth	6 inches
	Soil Media Thickness	12 inches
	Soil Media Conductivity	10 inches/hour
Green Roofs	Soil Media Thickness	4 inches
	Soil Media Conductivity	10 inches/hour
Street Planters	Capture Ratio	6 %
	Ponding Depth	6 inches
	Soil Media Thickness	18 inches
	Soil Media Conductivity	10 inches/hour
	Gravel Bed Thickness	12 inches
Infiltration Basins	Capture Ratio	5 %
	Basin Depth	6 inches
Porous Pavement	Capture Ratio	100 %
	Pavement Thickness	4 inches
	Gravel Bed Thickness	18 inches

Table 4. Void space values of LID media.

Property	LID Controls	Default Value
Soil Media Porosity	Rain Gardens, Green Roofs and Street Planters	45 %
Gravel Bed Void Ratio	Street Planters and Porous Pavement	75 %
Pavement Void Ratio	Porous Pavement	12 %

Flow Routing in InfoSWMM and Innovyze SWMM Products

Flow Routing

Flow routing within a conduit link in InfoSWMM H₂OMap SWMM InfoSWMM SA  is governed by the conservation of mass and momentum equations for gradually varied, unsteady flow (i.e., the Saint Venant flow equations). The  InfoSWMM H₂OMap SWMM InfoSWMM SA  user has a choice on the level of sophistication used to solve these equations:

1. Steady Flow Routing
2. Kinematic Wave Routing 
3. Dynamic Wave Routing

Steady Flow Routing

Steady Flow routing represents the simplest type of routing possible (actually no routing) by assuming that within each computational time step flow is uniform and steady. Thus it simply translates inflow hydrographs at the upstream end of the conduit to the downstream end, with no delay or change in shape. The Manning equation is used to relate flow rate to flow area (or depth).

This type of routing cannot account for channel storage, backwater effects, entrance/exit losses, flow reversal or pressurized flow. It can only be used with dendritic conveyance networks, where each node has only a single outflow link (unless the node is a divider in which case two outflow links are required). This form of routing is insensitive to the time step employed and is really only appropriate for preliminary analysis using long-term continuous simulations.

Kinematic Wave Routing

This routing method solves the continuity equation along with a simplified form of the momentum equation in each conduit. The latter requires that the slope of the water surface equal the slope of the conduit.

The maximum flow that can be conveyed through a conduit is the full-flow Manning equation value. Any flow in excess of this entering the inlet node is either lost from the system or can pond atop the inlet node and be re-introduced into the conduit as capacity becomes available.

Kinematic wave routing allows flow and area to vary both spatially and temporally within a conduit. This can result in attenuated and delayed outflow hydrographs as inflow is routed through the channel. However this form of routing cannot account for backwater effects, entrance/exit losses, flow reversal, or pressurized flow, and is also restricted to dendritic network layouts. It can usually maintain numerical stability with moderately large time steps, on the order of 5 to 15 minutes. If the aforementioned effects are not expected to be significant then this alternative can be an accurate and efficient routing method, especially for long-term simulations.

Dynamic Wave Routing

Dynamic Wave routing solves the complete one-dimensional Saint Venant flow equations and therefore produces the most theoretically accurate results. These equations consist of the continuity and momentum equations for conduits and a volume continuity equation at nodes.

With this form of routing it is possible to represent pressurized flow when a closed conduit becomes full, such that flows can exceed the full-flow Manning equation value. Flooding occurs when the water depth at a node exceeds the maximum available depth, and the excess flow is either lost from the system or can pond atop the node and re-enter the drainage system.

Dynamic wave routing can account for channel storage, backwater, entrance/exit losses, flow reversal, and pressurized flow. Because it couples together the solution for both water levels at nodes and flow in conduits it can be applied to any general network layout, even those containing multiple downstream diversions and loops. It is the method of choice for systems subjected to significant backwater effects due to downstream flow restrictions and with flow regulation via weirs and orifices. This generality comes at a price of having to use much smaller time steps, on the order of a minute or less (InfoSWMM will automatically reduce the user-defined maximum time step as needed to maintain numerical stability).

Surface Ponding

Normally in flow routing, when the flow into a junction exceeds the capacity of the system to transport it further downstream, the excess volume overflows the system and is lost. An option exists to have instead the excess volume be stored atop the junction, in a ponded fashion, and be reintroduced into the system as capacity permits. Under Steady and Kinematic Wave flow routing, the ponded water is stored simply as an excess volume. For Dynamic Wave routing, which is influenced by the water depths maintained at nodes, the excess volume is assumed to pond over the node with a constant surface area. This amount of surface area is an input parameter supplied for the junction.

Alternatively, the user may wish to represent the surface overflow system explicitly. In open channel systems this can include road overflows at bridges or culvert crossings as well as additional floodplain storage areas. In closed conduit systems, surface overflows may be conveyed down streets, alleys, or other surface routes to the next available stormwater inlet or open channel. Overflows may also be impounded in surface depressions such as parking lots, back yards or other areas.

SWMMLive Manager in Innovyze #SWMM5 Products

SWMMLive Manager

The InfoSWMM SA SWMMLive Manager is the single utility in InfoSWMM SA to manage all interactions between InfoSWMM SA models and SWMMLive model data exchange.  It exports the active InfoSWMM SA scenario as the baseline model to SWMMLive.  It allows extension of selected InfoSWMM SA scenarios as additional supporting model data to SWMMLive for scenario switching.  It also accepts an exported SWMMLive model for detailed diagnosis run in InfoSWMM SA, supported with all the familiar InfoSWMM SA utilities.

InfoSWMM SA SWMMLive Manager is accessed from the AddOn Extension Manager via its toolbar button or from the Tools menu (Tools -> AddOn Extension Manager).

The InfoSWMM SA SWMMLive Manager User Interface is shown below.

The InfoSWMM SA SWMMLive Manager main dialog box has three tabs: Export Model to SWMMLive, Extend Scenario Data to SWMMLive, and Diagnose SWMMLive Model.  All model exchanges between InfoSWMM SA and SWMMLive are made through model definition files with extension inp.

<![if !supportLists]>·        <![endif]>Export Model to SWMMLive - Exports the active InfoSWMM SA model for SWMMLive (InfoSWMM SA) to create a baseline model.  All essential information about the active InfoSWMM SA model is exported into the given inp file.  If current InfoSWMM SA model contains scenario data, this option can be used in conjunction with selected scenarios to export scenario based models with overriding operational scenario data.  All scenario based model inp files will be exported to their respective scenario sub-folders under the baseline model path.

<![if !supportLists]>·        <![endif]>Extend Scenario Data to SWMMLive - Exports additional InfoSWMM SA scenario models based on a provided SWMMLive baseline model.  The operational data from the selected scenarios will be merged into the given SWMMLive reference model to form different scenario models, to be used in SWMMLive.  All scenario based model inp files will be exported to their respective sub-folders under the given baseline model path.

<![if !supportLists]>·        <![endif]>Diagnose SWMMLive Model - Diagnoses a given SWMMLive model using the full utilities available from InfoSWMM SA.  The given SWMMLive model is imported into InfoSWMM SA for any diagnosis analysis in InfoSWMM SA.

Export Model to SWMMLive

In the box of Export Model File to SWMMLive, a inp file is specified for InfoSWMM SA SWMMLive Manager to store the InfoSWMM SA model information. 

 Browse for a folder location and specify a inp file name.

If the InfoSWMM SA model is blank, SWMMLive Manager will not export.  Otherwise, SWMMLive Manager exports the active scenario as the baseline model to SWMMLive.   

How to show Curve RTC Rules in #SWMM5 in the Control Actions Taken Section

#SWMM5 has very flexible control rules.  The rules are shown in the controls.c code.  However, one aspect I did not know was that if a rule is based on a control curve the RPT logging of the control actions is not shown.  You  can change by changing and compiling the code.  You will need to get rid of the half rule

  && a1->curve < 0                      so that the changing of the target setting is logged – see below for a snippet of the code.

Here is a sample curve tool

RULE MC3

IF SIMULATION TIME > 4

AND SIMULATION TIME <= 6

THEN PUMP Gbp1 SETTING = CURVE myControl

Priority 3

And here is the control action log in the RPT file – it helps to see this log and verify the rules

  *********************

  Control Actions Taken

  *********************

   01/01/2013: 00:00:00 Link Gbp1 setting changed to   0.00 by Control MC1

   01/01/2013: 00:00:01 Link Gbp1 setting changed to   0.00 by Control MC1

   01/01/2013: 00:00:11 Link Gbp1 setting changed to   0.01 by Control MC1

   01/01/2013: 00:00:21 Link Gbp1 setting changed to   0.01 by Control MC1

    listItem = ActionList;

    while ( listItem )

    {

        a1 = listItem->action;

        if ( !a1 ) break;

        if ( a1->link >= 0 )

        {

            if ( Link[a1->link].targetSetting != a1->value )

            {

                Link[a1->link].targetSetting = a1->value;

                //if ( RptFlags.controls && a1->curve < 0                     //(5.1.011) Original Rule

                if ( RptFlags.controls                                        //(5.1.011) New rule

                    && a1->tseries < 0 && a1->attribute != r_PID )            //(5.1.011)

                    report_writeControlAction(currentTime, Link[a1->link].ID,

                                              a1->value, Rules[a1->rule].ID);

                count++;

            }

Beautiful-equations-how-insects-walk-on-water-and-galaxies-form Navier-Stokes

SWMM and SWMM 5 History from Past Wikipedia SWMM5 pages

SWMM and SWMM 5 History from Past Wikipedia SWMM5 pages – added by me as someone keeps editing the Wikipedia page and getting rid of this table.  Figure 1 is the past Wikipedia page and Figure 2 is the connection between SWMM5 and Innovyze’s InfoSWMM.  Current information can be found here https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Storm_Water_Management_Model

Figure 1 - Past Wikipedia Table for SWMM and SWMM5.

Figure 2 - SWMM5 and InfoSWMM Versions

How to Use Scatter Plots in the DB Output tables of #InfoSWMM for d/D and q/Q

Harness the power of visualization with scatter plots in the DB Output tables of #InfoSWMM—a dynamic feature that brings the extensive data from SWMM5 output tables to life. 🌟📊

In InfoSWMM, you're not just reading numbers; you're witnessing the maximum link values dance across the Conduit Summary Table. With a simple right-click, a world of statistical analysis unfolds before you, offering plots, frequency graphs, histograms, and the coveted scatter graphs for any selected column. 🖱️💡

Dive Into the Data: Engage in a visual dialogue with your model by selecting two columns and crafting a scatter plot that tells a story. A plot of particular interest? The relationship between d/D, the depth-to-diameter ratio (capacity) of the pipe, and q/Qfull, the flow rate to full capacity flow rate. 📈🔍

Why Does It Matter? Qfull is calculated based on the full pipe depth, area, and hydraulic radius, all derived from the bed slope. Given that InfoSWMM, SWMM5 employ the robust St. Venant equations, you might observe q/Qfull ratios exceeding 1, even when d/D is below 1—a testament to the detailed physics captured by the models. 🌊🔢

Reference Material: For those thirsty for more knowledge, a treasure trove of St. Venant solutions within SWMM5 awaits in our comprehensive blogs. Each post serves as a beacon, guiding you through the intricacies of hydraulic modeling. 📚✨

Embrace these tools to transform data points into a narrative, charting the course of your wastewater management journey with precision and clarity. 🛠️🌐🚀

http://www.swmm5.net/search/label/St.%20Venant

http://www.swmm5.net/2016/10/more-st-venant-equations-in-swmm5.html

http://www.swmm5.net/2016/10/swmm5-1-d-st-venant-equation-terms.html

Figure 1 - How to Use Scatter Plots in the DB Output tables of #InfoSWMM for d/D and q/Q

Update for [USEPA/SWMM-EPANET_User_Interface] MTP 3

Just a note about the great work being done on the new EPANET and SWMM 5 QGIS interface.

This is the third Minimum Testable Product, released for testing of specific functionality.
This is not a fully functional product and is not suitable for production use.—
You are receiving this because you are subscribed to this thread.
View it on GitHub 

InfoSWMM, InfoSewer and InfoWater from Innovyze connection between your model data and your GIS data

One of the great features about InfoSWMM, InfoSewer and InfoWater from Innovyze is the intimate connection between your model data and your GIS data. It is important for this to work correctly that you use the correct spatial reference. Innovyze has many tools for changing the spatial reference:

1. Arc GIS TOC

2. Arc Toolbox projection tools

3. Innovyze tools for changing the spatial reference

4. Innovyze tools for margining spatial reference

5. GIS background maps from ESRI

6. Google Earth and Google Maps connections

A great twitter header image from our @Innovyze Channel Partners in Spain @sp_infoworks

A great twitter header image from our @Innovyze Channel Partners in Spain @sp_infoworks #rt pic.twitter.com/NjVKfhr0Ir

— Robert Dickinson (@InnovyzeRobert) October 21, 2016

RDII Analyst, SWMM5 and ICM SE - Diagram of R, T and K parameters for RDII

RDII Analyst, SWMM5 and ICM SE - Diagram of R, T and K parameters for RDII.  RDII Analyst in H2OMap SWMM and #InfoSWMM can export using the SWMM5 Export Exchange tool SWMM5 files with calibrated RTK parameters for #SWMM5 and #InfoWorks_ICM

How to Use Arc Map Selection to add to Domains in #InfoSewer and #InfoSWMM

How to Use Arc Map Selection to add to Domains in #InfoSewer and #InfoSWMM:

1. Use the Arc Map Selection Tools
2. Select a layer of Nodes or Links in Arc Map
3. Add your elements to the Arc Map Selection and finally
4. Add the selected elements from Arc Map to the InfoSewer Domain (Bullet 4)

How to Use Arc Map Selection to add to Domains in #InfoSewer and #InfoSWMM

More St Venant Equations in #SWMM5

This blog shows the relationship between the terms dq1, dq2, dq3 and dq4 in the SWMM5 code and the St. Venant Partial Differential Equations.

dq2 = Time Step * Area wtd * (Head Downstream – Head Upstream) / Link Length or

dq2 = Time Step * Area wtd * (HGL) / Link Length Qnew = (Qold – dq2 + dq3 + dq4) / ( 1 + dq1) when the force main is full dq3 and dq4 are zero and

Qnew = (Qold – dq2) / ( 1 + dq1) The dq4 term in dynamic.c uses the area upstream (a1) and area downstream (a2), the midpoint velocity, the sigma factor (a function of the link Froude number), the link length and the time step or

dq4 = Time Step * Velocity * Velocity * (a2 – a1) / Link Length * Sigma the dq3 term in dynamic.c uses the current midpoint area (a function of the midpoint depth), the sigma factor and the midpoint velocity

dq3 = 2 * Velocity * ( Amid(current iteration) – Amid (last time step) * Sigma

dq1 = Time Step * RoughFactor / Rwtd^1.333 * |Velocity| The weighted area (Awtd) is used in the dq2 term of the St. Venant equation:

dq2 = Time Step * Awtd * (Head Downstream – Head Upstream) / Link Length

In this blog we show how the St Venant terms are used in SWMM5 as equations, table, graphs and units. We use a QA/QC version of SWMM 5 that lists many more link, node, system and Subcatchment variables than the default SWMM 5 GUI and engine. This also applies to #InfoSWMM and any software the uses the #SWMM5 engine.  

SWMM5 is using is the most advanced equations as it takes into consideration the full dynamic (St. Venant) equations and not the more simplified kinematic wave / manning equations. The manning equation only considers the uniform flow conditions which represents a situation where the gravitational force on a column of water (due to the channel slope) balances out the frictional force. The full dynamic equations contains additional factors that affect the movement of water in a conduit or channel. These include the pressure force due to variation of depth along the length of the channel and the inertial (or convective acceleration) effect due to variation of flow area along the channel length. Because of these additional terms the flow/head relation you have in uniform flow conditions can be completely different according to the configuration of his network.

Hydraulic Jump and Froude # in #SWMM5

In this blog we example the Froude Number values computed in SWMM5 as equations, table, graphs and units. We use a QA/QC version of SWMM 5 that lists many more link, node, system and Subcatchment variables than the default SWMM 5 GUI and engine. This blog also applies to #InfoSWMM and any software the uses the #SWMM5 engine.  SWMM 5 computes only one flow in the middle of the link but it uses depth, head, cross sectional area and hydraulic radius at the upstream, midpoint and downstream points of the link (Figure 1).  The Froude # is computed at all three points and if you could see the Froude # you will see a jump at times in a single link (Figure 2).

Figure 1.  Computational points in #SWMM5

Figure 2.  Three locations of the Froude Number - it is possible to see where the Hydraulic Jump occurs in the link.

Horton Animation of Infiltration in #SWMMM5 and #INFOSWMM

Overview

In this blog we look at GIF of how Horton Infiltration works in #SWMM5 and #InfoSWMM and any other GUI that uses the SWMM5 Engine.